A study of bipolar and compact nebulae at radio, submillimetre and infrared wavelengths

Radio observations have been made of a sample of optically selected bipolar nebulae, to examine their spatial structures and to determine the nature of the sources which excite them. IRAS point source survey data, sub-millimeter wavelength molecular line and continuum measurements have been combined with the radio data to constrain the estimates of the nature of the excitation sources. Two thirds of the sample are found to be associated with luminous (L > 1000 L⊙) objects which are characterized as ZAMS B0-B2 stars. Several cases show characteristics of ionized outflowing gas, and may be pre-main sequence objects. The remaining third of the sample have ZAMS exciting stars between B3 and A5

Systematic misregistration and the statistical analysis of surface data.

Spatial normalisation is a key element of statistical parametric mapping and related techniques for analysing cohort statistics on voxel arrays and surfaces. The normalisation process involves aligning each individual specimen to a template using some sort of registration algorithm. Any misregistration will result in data being mapped onto the template at the wrong location. At best, this will introduce spatial imprecision into the subsequent statistical analysis. At worst, when the misregistration varies systematically with a covariate of interest, it may lead to false statistical inference. Since misregistration generally depends on the specimen's shape, we investigate here the effect of allowing for shape as a confound in the statistical analysis, with shape represented by the dominant modes of variation observed in the cohort. In a series of experiments on synthetic surface data, we demonstrate how allowing for shape can reveal true effects that were previously masked by systematic misregistration, and also guard against misinterpreting systematic misregistration as a true effect. We introduce some heuristics for disentangling misregistration effects from true effects, and demonstrate the approach's practical utility in a case study of the cortical bone distribution in 268 human femurs.This is the author’s version of a work that was accepted for publication in Medical Image Analysis. Changes resulting from the publishing process, such as peer review, editing, corrections, structural formatting, and other quality control mechanisms may not be reflected in this document. Changes may have been made to this work since it was submitted for publication. A definitive version was subsequently published in Medical Image Analysis, [Volume 18, Issue 2, February 2014] DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.media.2013.12.007

That’s more like they know me as a person": one primary pre-service teacher’s stories of her personal and ‘professional’ digital practices

In contributing to debates about how student-teachers might draw from personal experience in addressing digital literacy in the classroom, this paper explores the stories that one primary student-teacher told of her digital practices during a larger study of the role of digital literacy in student-teachers' lives. The paper investigates the 'recognition work' this student-teacher did as she aligned herself with different discourses and notes how themes of 'control' and 'professionalism' seemed to pattern her stories of informal and formal practices both within and beyond her professional education. The paper calls for further research into how student-teachers perceive the relevance of their personal experience to their professional role and argues for encouraging pre-service and practising teachers to tell stories of their digital practices and reflect upon the discourses which frame them

Practicable assessment of cochlear size and shape from clinical CT images

There is considerable interpersonal variation in the size and shape of the human cochlea, with evident consequences for cochlear implantation. The ability to characterize a specific cochlea, from preoperative computed tomography (CT) images, would allow the clinician to personalize the choice of electrode, surgical approach and postoperative programming. In this study, we present a fast, practicable and freely available method for estimating cochlear size and shape from clinical CT. The approach taken is to fit a template surface to the CT data, using either a statistical shape model or a locally affine deformation (LAD). After fitting, we measure cochlear size, duct length and a novel measure of basal turn non-planarity, which we suggest might correlate with the risk of insertion trauma. Gold-standard measurements from a convenience sample of 18 micro-CT scans are compared with the same quantities estimated from low-resolution, noisy, pseudo-clinical data synthesized from the same micro-CT scans. The best results were obtained using the LAD method, with an expected error of 8-17% of the gold-standard sample range for non-planarity, cochlear size and duct length.Evelyn Trust, MRC Confidence in Concept Fund Cambridge Hearing Trust

The political constitution at 40

The constitution ‘is no more and no less than what happens’. So wrote Professor John Griffith in the 1978 Chorley Lecture, which was later republished in the Modern Law Review in 1979. It was not the first time that Griffith dangled this tantalizing aphorism before his readers, but it was this lecture that saw it melt into the vocabulary of public law. It might seem trite to spotlight this aphorism from what is a rich and intricate lecture full of important insights as well as memorable phrases. However, as we see it, and writing at the end of March 2019, constitutional practice over the last three years —or, for that matter, the last three months, the last three weeks, or even the last three days—underscores the continuing relevance of Griffith’s insights into the complex and contingent nature of the relationship between law, politics and the constitution

Mapping Bone Changes at the Proximal Femoral Cortex of Postmenopausal Women in Response to Alendronate and Teriparatide Alone, Combined or Sequentially.

Combining antiresorptive and anabolic drugs for osteoporosis may be a useful strategy to prevent hip fractures. Previous studies comparing the effects of alendronate (ALN) and teriparatide (TPTD) alone, combined or sequentially using quantitative computed tomography (QCT) in postmenopausal women have not distinguished cortical bone mineral density (CBMD) from cortical thickness (CTh) effects, nor assessed the distribution and extent of more localized changes. In this study a validated bone mapping technique was used to examine the cortical and endocortical trabecular changes in the proximal femur resulting from an 18-month course of ALN or TPTD. Using QCT data from a different clinical trial, the global and localized changes seen following a switch to TPTD after an 18-month ALN treatment or adding TPTD to the ALN treatment were compared. Ct.Th increased (4.8%, p < 0.01) and CBMD decreased (-4.5%, p < 0.01) in the TPTD group compared to no significant change in the ALN group. A large Ct.Th increase could be seen for the switch group (2.8%, p < 0.01) compared to a significantly smaller increase for the add group (1.5%, p < 0.01). CBMD decreased significantly for the switch group (-3.9%, p < 0.01) and was significantly different from no significant change in the add group. Ct.Th increases were shown to be significantly greater for the switch group compared to the add group at the load bearing regions. This study provides new insights into the effects of ALN and TPTD combination therapies on the cortex of the proximal femur and supports the hypothesis of an increased bone remodeling by TPTD being mitigated by ALN.This is the accepted manuscript. The final version is available at http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/jbmr.2454/abstract