The atom-molecule reaction D plus H2 yields HD plus H studied by molecular beams

Collisions between deuterium atoms and hydrogen molecules were studied in a modulated crossed beam experiment. The relative signal intensity and the signal phase for the product HD from reactive collisions permitted determination of both the angular distribution and HD mean velocity as a function of angle. From these a relative differential reactive scattering cross section in center-of-mass coordinates was deduced. The experiment indicates that reactively formed HD which has little or no internal excitation departs from the collision anisotropically, with maximum amplitude 180 deg from the direction of the incident D beam in center-of-mass coordinates, which shows that the D-H-H reacting configuration is short-lived compared to its rotation time. Non reactive scattering of D by H2 was used to assign absolute values to the differential reactive scattering cross sections

Toward Virtual Digital Mammograms for Research and Training in Tumor Detection

Research in the processing, compression, transmission, and interpretation of digital radiographic images requires evaluation of a wide variety of test images, varying in format, in spatial resolution, and in anatomic content. To evaluate the diagnostic performance of observers using novel versus conventional image formats, large numbers of test images containing known abnormalities are required. This report describes a method for creating high resolution, virtual digital mammograms from computational models of the human breast that include branched lobulated ducts and suspensory ligaments embedded in fatty subcutaneous tissue. Breast phantoms may include any of three types of simulated tumors (fibroadenomas, invasive ductal carcinomas, and intraductal carcinomas). Virtual mammograms are generated by computing x-ray transmission through a mathematically defined, three dimensional tissue space according to Beer\u27s Law, using a fast ray-tracing algorithm. The resulting test images are adequately realistic, inexpensive, and reproducible at any desired resolution. They may contain precisely defined and localized abnormalities of unlimited subtlety. This approach provides a flexible, easy-to-use research tool to explore digital techniques in mammography, as well as a potential aid to training of radiologists in early breast cancer detection

A New Technique for Repeated Measurement of Cardiac Output During Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation

We have developed a method for measurement of cardiac output during CPR with ventricular fibrillation. The method avoids the problems encountered when conventional techniques are used under the conditions of very low cardiac output. The method consists of injecting 5% saline as the indicator into the left ventricle and detecting its appearance in the descending aorta by withdrawing blood through an electrically calibrated conductivity cell. The adequacy of indicator mixing has been verified by obtaining dilutions curves simultaneously from the brachial and femoral arteries. Cardiac output can be determined even when output is as low as 7 ml/min/kg during CPR with ventricular fibrillation. Repeated determinations can be made as often as every minute. This method offers promise as a practical research tool which can be used with dye indicators also

Motivations and experiences of UK students studying abroad

This report summarises the findings of research aimed at improving understanding of the motivations behind the international diploma mobility of UK student

Effects of Hyperbolic Rotation in Minkowski Space on the Modeling of Plasma Accelerators in a Lorentz Boosted Frame

Laser driven plasma accelerators promise much shorter particle accelerators but their development requires detailed simulations that challenge or exceed current capabilities. We report the first direct simulations of stages up to 1 TeV from simulations using a Lorentz boosted calculation frame resulting in a million times speedup, thanks to a frame boost as high as gamma=1300. Effects of the hyperbolic rotation in Minkowski space resulting from the frame boost on the laser propagation in the plasma is shown to be key in the mitigation of a numerical instability that was limiting previous attempts

Simulated patients enhance discharge processes for patients with type 2 diabetes

As hospital lengths of stay are reduced and patients are organised to return home with the expectation of managing more complex issues, preparing patients and their families for discharge becomes more challenging. Patients with chronic health conditions, such as type 2 diabetes typically have poorer health outcomes post discharge and higher readmission rates (Peter et al. 2015). Preparing nurses to perform safe, complex patient discharge will likely lead to improved patient confidence in self-management, and potentially better outcomes

Potassium Efflux from Myocardial Cells Induced by Defibrillator Shock

A transient, dose-dependent cardiac depression was produced by defibrillator shocks in an isolated, working canine heart preparation perfused with oxygenated arterial blood from a support dog. Accompanying this depression was an efflux of potassium (K+ ), forced out of the myocardial cells by the passage of defibrillating current. The transient increase in extracellular K + concentration was recorded graphically in the venous outflow. It was found that 5-msec rectangular wave shocks, from three to ten times defibrillatory current threshold, released doserelated pulses of K+ . We conclude that because extracellular K + is a myocardial depressant, at least part of the myocardial depression after defibrillation is caused by the release of K+ from the myocardial cells