116 research outputs found
Cooperative Throttle and Brake Fuzzy Control for ACC+Stop&Go Maneuvers
The authors are with the Industrial Computer Science Department,
Instituto de Automática Industrial (CSIC), 28500 Madrid, SpainThe goal that a car be driven autonomously is far in
the future and probably unreachable, but as a first step in that
direction, adaptive cruise control (ACC) and Stop&Go maneuver
systems are being developed. These kind of controllers adapt the
speed of a car to that of the preceding one (ACC) and get the car
to stop if the lead car stops. This paper presents one such system
and related experiments performed on a real road with real cars.
The driving system gets its input via an RTK DGPS device and
communicates its positions to one another via a wireless local area
network link. It outputs signals controlling the pressure on the
throttle and brake pedals. The control system is based on fuzzy
logic, which is considered best to deal with processes as complex
as driving. Two mass produced Citroën Berlingo electric vans
have been instrumented, providing them with computer controlled
actuators over the brake and the throttle to achieve human-like
driving. The results of the experiments show that the behavior of
the vehicles is very close to human and that they adapt to driving
incidences, increasing the safety of the driving and permitting
cooperation with manually driven cars.This
work was supported in part by the Spanish Ministry of Education under Grant
ISAAC CICYT DPI2002-04064-C05-02, by the Spanish Ministry of Public
Works under Grant COPOS BOE 280 22/11/2002, and by the Res. 22778,
Citroën España S.A. under Contract “Adquirir nuevos conocimientos sobre la
introducción de las tecnologías de la información en el mundo del automóvil
y para difundirlos en los ámbitos científicos, empresariales y comerciales
(AUTOPIA),” and by Cybecars-2 Project UE-STREP 28062, 6th Framework
Programme, 2006.Peer reviewe
Условия формирования нижнесреднеюрских отложений юго-востока Западной Сибири (Томская область)
Effects of Anacetrapib in Patients with Atherosclerotic Vascular Disease
BACKGROUND:
Patients with atherosclerotic vascular disease remain at high risk for cardiovascular events despite effective statin-based treatment of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol levels. The inhibition of cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) by anacetrapib reduces LDL cholesterol levels and increases high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol levels. However, trials of other CETP inhibitors have shown neutral or adverse effects on cardiovascular outcomes.
METHODS:
We conducted a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial involving 30,449 adults with atherosclerotic vascular disease who were receiving intensive atorvastatin therapy and who had a mean LDL cholesterol level of 61 mg per deciliter (1.58 mmol per liter), a mean non-HDL cholesterol level of 92 mg per deciliter (2.38 mmol per liter), and a mean HDL cholesterol level of 40 mg per deciliter (1.03 mmol per liter). The patients were assigned to receive either 100 mg of anacetrapib once daily (15,225 patients) or matching placebo (15,224 patients). The primary outcome was the first major coronary event, a composite of coronary death, myocardial infarction, or coronary revascularization.
RESULTS:
During the median follow-up period of 4.1 years, the primary outcome occurred in significantly fewer patients in the anacetrapib group than in the placebo group (1640 of 15,225 patients [10.8%] vs. 1803 of 15,224 patients [11.8%]; rate ratio, 0.91; 95% confidence interval, 0.85 to 0.97; P=0.004). The relative difference in risk was similar across multiple prespecified subgroups. At the trial midpoint, the mean level of HDL cholesterol was higher by 43 mg per deciliter (1.12 mmol per liter) in the anacetrapib group than in the placebo group (a relative difference of 104%), and the mean level of non-HDL cholesterol was lower by 17 mg per deciliter (0.44 mmol per liter), a relative difference of -18%. There were no significant between-group differences in the risk of death, cancer, or other serious adverse events.
CONCLUSIONS:
Among patients with atherosclerotic vascular disease who were receiving intensive statin therapy, the use of anacetrapib resulted in a lower incidence of major coronary events than the use of placebo. (Funded by Merck and others; Current Controlled Trials number, ISRCTN48678192 ; ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT01252953 ; and EudraCT number, 2010-023467-18 .)
Liquid chromatography–(tandem) mass spectrometry for the follow-up of the elimination of persistent pharmaceuticals during wastewater treatment applying biological wastewater treatment and advanced oxidation
Structural Elucidation and Environmental Risk Assessment of Candesartan Ozonation Products
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