178 research outputs found
Multi-scale structure, pasting and digestibility of adlay (Coixlachryma-jobi L.) seed starch
peer-reviewedThe hierarchical structure, pasting and digestibility of adlay seed starch (ASS) were investigated compared with maize starch (MS) and potato starch (PS). ASS exhibited round or polyglonal morphology with apparent pores/channels on the surface. It had a lower amylose content, a looser and more heterogeneous C-type crystalline structure, a higher crystallinity, and a thinner crystalline lamellae. Accordingly, ASS showed a higher slowly digestible starch content combined with less resistant starch fractions, and a decreased pasting temperature, a weakened tendency to retrogradation and an increased pasting stability compared with those of MS and PS. The ASS structure-functionality relationship indicated that the amylose content, double helical orders, crystalline lamellar structure, and surface pinholes should be responsible for ASS specific functionalities including pasting behaviors and in vitro digestibility. ASS showed potential applications in health-promoting foods which required low rearrangement during storage and sustainable energy-providing starch fractions
Analysis of swirling flow effects on the characteristics of unsteady hot-streak migration
AbstractThe temperature of flow at the combustor exit is inherently non-uniform and the hot fluid is called hot-streak. An in-house CFD software, NUAA-Turbo, was used to carry out 3D unsteady simulations on the PW-E3 single-stage high-pressure turbine. The hot-streak effect based on real stator and combustor counts was approximately evaluated by the contraction/dilatation method on the interface. The unsteady attenuation and migration process of hot-streaks in the turbine passage were well captured. The general performance parameters for different circumferential positions of hot-streaks were relatively consistent. Then, the influences of hot-streaks on blade surface temperature were investigated by comparing results under hot-streak and uniform inflow conditions. Unsteady simulations with combined inlet hot-streak and swirling flow show that the core of a hot-streak migrates to the tip under the influence of a positive swirl, while the phenomenon is just opposite with a negative swirl. Therefore, the heat transfer environment of rotor blades shows great differences with different directions of inlet swirl
1-Benzyl-2-phenyl-1H-benzimidazole–4,4′-(cyclohexane-1,1-diyl)diphenol (1/1)
The asymmetric unit of the title co-crystal, C20H16N2·C18H20O2, contains one molecule of 4,4′-(cyclohexane-1,1-diyl)diphenol (in which the cyclohexane ring adopts a chair conformation) and one molecule of 1-benzyl-2-phenyl-1H-benzimidazole, which are paired through an O—H⋯N hydrogen bond. These pairs are further linked by intermolecular O—H⋯O hydrogen bonds into chains along [010]. Weak intermolecular C—H⋯O and C—H⋯π interactions further consolidate the crystal packing. The dihedral angles between the pendant phenyl rings and the benzimidazole ring are 86.9 (2) and 43.1 (2)°
Bis[1-hydroxyethylidenediphosphonato(1−)](1,10-phenanthroline)nickel(II) monohydrate
In the mononuclear title compound, [Ni(C2H6O7P2)2(C12H8N2)]·H2O, the NiII atom (site symmetry 2) is bonded to two phosphate-based O,O′-bidentate chelate ligands and one N,N′-bidentate 1,10-phenanthroline ligand, resulting in a slightly distorted cis-NiN2O4 octahedral geometry. In the crystal structure, pairs of complexes are linked by double hydrogen bonds, forming a one-dimensional chain-like structure. Aromatic π–π stacking interactions [centroid–centroid separation = 3.768 (2) Å] and further hydrogen bonds generate a two-dimensional structure. The water O atom also lies on a crystallographic twofold axis
2,2′-(1,3,5,7-Tetraoxo-1,2,3,5,6,7-hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-f]isoindole-2,6-diyl)diacetic acid N,N-dimethylformamide disolvate
The asymmetric unit of the title compound, C14H8N2O8·2C3H7NO or L·2DMF (DMF = N,N-dimethylformamide), contains one half of the centrosymmetric molecule L and one solvent molecule, which is disordered between two orientations in a 0.555 (4):0.445 (4) ratio. Intermolecular O—H⋯O hydrogen bonds link one L and two DMF molecules into a centrosymmetric hydrogen-bonded cluster. The crystal packing is further stabilized by weak intermolecular C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds
4,4′-Bipyridine–2,3,4,5,6-pentafluorobenzoic acid (1/2)
In the title 1:2 adduct, C10H8N2·2C7HF5O2, the complete 4,4′-bipyridine molecule is generated by a crystallographic twofold axis. The components of the adduct are linked by intermolecular O—H⋯N hydrogen bonds and further connected by a combination of C—H⋯O, C—H⋯F and F⋯F [2.859 (2) Å] interactions
2,2′,2′′,2′′′-(1,4-Phenylenedinitrilo)tetraacetic acid dihydrate
In the title compound, C14H16N2O8·2H2O, the complete organic molecule is generated by crystallographic inversion symmetry. The dihedral angles between the aniline ring and the acetic acid groups are almost identical, viz. 82.61 (7) and 80.33 (7)°. In the crystal, O—H⋯O hydrogen bonds link the organic molecules and water molecules, forming zigzag chains the c axis. An intramolecular O—H⋯O hydrogen bond is also observed
N-(3-Hydroxyphenyl)nicotinamide
In the title molecule, C12H10N2O2, the benzene and pyridine rings form a dihedral angle of 5.01 (8)°. The amide group is twisted by 33.54 (7)° from the plane of the pyridine ring. In the crystal, molecules are linked into centrosymmetric dimers via pairs of O—H⋯N hydrogen bonds. N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds further link dimers related into chains along the b axis
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