Cyanines, Squaraines, And Xanthene Based Nir Emissive Materials For Biological Imaging

The need for NIR fluorescent dyes is widely accepted for imaging and communications applications. Cyanines are a commonly used family of dyes for biological imaging due to their tunability, often rapid synthesis, ease of bioconjugation, intense molar absorptivities and strong NIR emissions. Since the invention of indocyanine green (ICG), many efforts have been made to improve on the design achieving farther red-shifted dyes with larger quantum yields and enhanced Stokes shifts. A series of squaraine, cyanine, and xanthene based dyes using the indolizine heterocycle as a donor in place of the commonly used indoline donor are discussed. The indolizine donor allows for red-shifts farther into the NIR region due to the indolizine being fully conjugated. Additionally, an enhanced Stokes shift is observed to enable high resolution imaging. These series of dyes are discussed with a focus on structure-property relationships concerning the effects on the photophysical properties

Tolerance analysis approach based on the classification of uncertainty (aleatory / epistemic)

Uncertainty is ubiquitous in tolerance analysis problem. This paper deals with tolerance analysis formulation, more particularly, with the uncertainty which is necessary to take into account into the foundation of this formulation. It presents: a brief view of the uncertainty classification: Aleatory uncertainty comes from the inherent uncertain nature and phenomena, and epistemic uncertainty comes from the lack of knowledge, a formulation of the tolerance analysis problem based on this classification, its development: Aleatory uncertainty is modeled by probability distributions while epistemic uncertainty is modeled by intervals; Monte Carlo simulation is employed for probabilistic analysis while nonlinear optimization is used for interval analysis.“AHTOLA” project (ANR-11- MONU-013

Pyridyl CO\u3csub\u3e2\u3c/sub\u3eFixation Enabled by a Secondary Hydrogen Bonding Coordination Sphere

Copyright © 2020 American Chemical Society. Reversible CO2 binders under ambient conditions are of significant interest for multiple applications in sensing and capture technologies. In this paper, a general systematic way to evaluate CO2 receptors with π-systems is put forward. A series of receptors (five pyridine-based and one triazine-based) are evaluated as CO2 binders in terms of number of hydrogen bonding sites, strength of hydrogen bond donors, and number of nucleophilic sites. The binding of CO2 to the receptors was probed by computational models, absorption spectroscopy, fluorescence spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry, and 1H NMR studies. Multiple solvents with varying ionic strength additives are probed to analyze the effects on CO2-bound intermediates. The receptors were screened progressively down-selecting through the different analytical techniques arriving at a promising pyridine receptor, which shows evidence of CO2 binding with each of the analytical techniques. The diaminopyridine motif demonstrates reversible CO2 binding and has convenient substitution sites for derivatization to incorporate into functional sensor systems

Impaired contractile function of the supraspinatus in the acute period following a rotator cuff tear

Background: Rotator cuff (RTC) tears are a common clinical problem resulting in adverse changes to the muscle, but there is limited information comparing histopathology to contractile function. This study assessed supraspinatus force and susceptibility to injury in the rat model of RTC tear, and compared these functional changes to histopathology of the muscle. Methods: Unilateral RTC tears were induced in male rats via tenotomy of the supraspinatus and infraspinatus. Maximal tetanic force and susceptibility to injury of the supraspinatus muscle were measured in vivo at day 2 and day 15 after tenotomy. Supraspinatus muscles were weighed and harvested for histologic analysis of the neuromuscular junction (NMJ), intramuscular lipid, and collagen. Results: Tenotomy resulted in eventual atrophy and weakness. Despite no loss in muscle mass at day 2 there was a 30% reduction in contractile force, and a decrease in NMJ continuity and size. Reduced force persisted at day 15, a time point when muscle atrophy was evident but NMJ morphology was restored. At day 15, torn muscles had decreased collagen-packing density and were also more susceptible to contraction-induced injury. Conclusion: Muscle size and histopathology are not direct indicators of overall RTC contractile health. Changes in NMJ morphology and collagen organization were associated with changes in contractile function and thus may play a role in response to injury. Although our findings are limited to the acute phase after a RTC tear, the most salient finding is that RTC tenotomy results in increased susceptibility to injury of the supraspinatus

Neptune to the Common-wealth of England (1652): the republican Britannia and the continuity of interests

In the seventeenth century, John Kerrigan reminds us, “models of empire did not always turn on monarchy”. In this essay, I trace a vision of “Neptune’s empire” shared by royalists and republicans, binding English national interest to British overseas expansion. I take as my text a poem entitled “Neptune to the Common-wealth of England”, prefixed to Marchamont Nedham’s 1652 English translation of Mare Clausum (1635), John Selden’s response to Mare Liberum (1609) by Hugo Grotius. This minor work is read alongside some equally obscure and more familiar texts in order to point up the ways in which it speaks to persistent cultural and political interests. I trace the afterlife of this verse, its critical reception and its unique status as a fragment that exemplifies the crossover between colonial republic and imperial monarchy at a crucial moment in British history, a moment that, with Brexit, remains resonant