Correlation Matrix of Latent Variables.

<p>Note. p<.001 for all correlations; MAC  =  Mother Affectionless Control and FAC  =  Father Affectionless Control of the Parental Bonding Inventory <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0094757#pone.0094757-Parker1" target="_blank">[9]</a>; PEC  =  Parental Expectations and Criticisms of the Frost Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0094757#pone.0094757-Frost1" target="_blank">[12]</a>; DRCS  =  Disconnection & Rejection Core Schemas of the Young Schema Questionnaire – Short Form <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0094757#pone.0094757-Young3" target="_blank">[40]</a>; Neuroticism scale of the Neuroticism Extraversion Openness to Experience Five Factor Inventory <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0094757#pone.0094757-Costa1" target="_blank">[35]</a>.</p

Path Coefficients for the Nine-Pathway Structural Model.

<p>Note. *<i>p</i><.05; **<i>p<</i>.01; *** <i>p</i><.01.</p

Path Coefficients for the Six-Pathway Structural Model.

<p>Note. *<i>p</i><.05; **<i>p</i><.01; ***<i>p</i><.001.</p

Goodness-of-fit Statistics for Confirmatory Analyses of the PBI, FMPS, YS-SF and NEO-FFI.

<p>Note. PBI  =  Parental Bonding Inventory <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0094757#pone.0094757-Parker1" target="_blank">[9]</a>, NEO-FFI  =  Neuroticism Extraversion Openness to Experience Five Factor Inventory <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0094757#pone.0094757-Costa1" target="_blank">[35]</a>, FMPS  =  Frost Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0094757#pone.0094757-Frost1" target="_blank">[12]</a>, YSQ-SF  =  Young Schema Inventory – Short Form <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0094757#pone.0094757-Young3" target="_blank">[40]</a>.</p

Correlations Among the Study Variables.

<p>Correlations Among the Study Variables.</p

The measurement and structural components of the final six-pathway model.

<p>The measurement and structural components of the final six-pathway model.</p

The measurement model.

<p>The measurement model.</p

Means and Standard Deviations for the Subscales of the PBI, NEO-FFI, YSQ-SF and FMPS.

<p>Note: PBI  =  Parental Bonding Inventory <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0094757#pone.0094757-Parker1" target="_blank">[9]</a>; NEO-FFI  =  Neuroticism Extraversion Openness to Experience Five Factor Inventory <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0094757#pone.0094757-Costa1" target="_blank">[35]</a>; YSQ-SF  =  Young Schema Inventory – SF <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0094757#pone.0094757-Young3" target="_blank">[40]</a>; FMPS  =  Frost Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0094757#pone.0094757-Frost1" target="_blank">[12]</a>.</p

An Etiological Model of Perfectionism

Objective: Perfectionism has been recognized as a transdiagnostic factor that is relevant to anxiety disorders, eating disorders and depression. Despite the importance of perfectionism in psychopathology to date there has been no empirical test of an etiological model of perfectionism. Method: The present study aimed to address the paucity of research on the etiology of perfectionism by developing and testing an etiological model using a sample of 311 clients seeking treatment. Results: Structural equation modeling showed a direct relationship between high Parental Expectations and Criticism, and Perfectionism. There was also an indirect relationship between Parental Bonding and Perfectionism that was mediated by core schemas of disconnection and rejection. Finally, it was found that Neuroticism had both an indirect relationship, which was mediated by core schemas, and a direct relationship with perfectionism. Conclusions: The study provided the first direct test of an etiological model of perfectionism to date. Clinical implications include investigating whether the inclusion of etiological factors in the understanding and treatment of perfectionism is effective