Is Explainability Always Necessary? Discussion on Explainable AI

The explainability of a model has been a topic of debate. Some research states explainability is unnecessary, and some ”white-box” models, such as regression models or decision trees, are inherently explainable. This paper conducts a multiple regression model analysis with highly correlated features to illustrate how the model’s explainability fails when dealing with complex data. In this case, trusting the model explanations can be problematic. The Shapley net effect technique, which helps determine the marginal contribution of the features, is employed to improve the model explainability and reveal more information about the prediction. The work concludes that explainability is necessary to avoid biased and erroneous conclusions in all circumstances, including simple models or even more apparent cases

Influence of relaxation on propagation, storage and retrieving of light pulses in electromagnetically induced transparency medium

By solving the self-consistent system of Maxwell and density matrix equations to the first order with respect to nonadiabaticity, we obtain an analytical solution for the probe pulse propagation. The conditions for efficient storage of light are analyzed. The necessary conditions for optical propagation distance has been obtained.Comment: 7 pages, 7 figure

Changes in cytogenetic indicators promoted by the copper(II) complex Cu[HC(COO)(pzMe2)2]2 before irradiation

One of the most urgent problems of modern radiobiology is the search and development of new effective radioprotectors. Radiation damage causes physiological disturbances and profound changes in hematological indicators. The severity of such changes and the speed of development of disturbances are dose-dependent. Radioprotectors differ by their effectiveness and duration of their protective action. They should be non-toxic, effective, not cause pronounced adverse reactions, act relatively quickly and for a long time. In this regard, copper coordination compounds are of particular interest. The main biogenic role of copper is to participate in the processes of hematopoiesis. It is involved in the neutralization of the toxins of microorganisms, as well as prolongs the action of antibacterial medications, and reduces inflammatory reactions. Copper complexes have low toxicity and pronounced radioprotective properties. The aim of the study is to identify the possible radioprotective effects of the bis[bis(3,5-dimethylpyrazol-1-yl)acetato]copper(II) complex, based on cytogenetic analysis. As a result of cytogenetic studies, it was found that Cu[HC(COO)(pzMe2)2]2 has the ability to prevent or weaken the effect of ionizing radiation. The findings were also confirmed by survival assessments (80%). It can be concluded that this compound promotes reparative processes in the bone marrow cells of irradiated animals

Using pneumococcal and rotavirus surveillance in vaccine decision-making: A series of case studies in Bangladesh, Armenia and the Gambia.

Pneumonia and diarrhea are the leading causes of child morbidity and mortality globally and are vaccine preventable. The WHO-coordinated Global Rotavirus and Invasive Bacterial Vaccine-Preventable Disease Surveillance Networks support surveillance systems across WHO regions to provide burden of disease data for countries to make evidence-based decisions about introducing vaccines and to demonstrate the impact of vaccines on disease burden. These surveillance networks help fill the gaps in data in low and middle-income countries where disease burden and risk are high but support to sustain surveillance activities and generate data is low. Through a series of country case studies, this paper reviews the successful use of surveillance data for disease caused by pneumococcus and rotavirus in informing national vaccine policy in Bangladesh, Armenia and The Gambia. The case studies delve into ways in which countries are leveraging and building capacity in existing surveillance infrastructure to monitor other diseases of concern in the country. Local institutions have been identified to play a critical role in making surveillance data available to policymakers. We recommend that countries review local or regional surveillance data in making vaccine policy decisions. Documenting use of surveillance activities can be used as advocacy tools to convince governments and external funders to invest in surveillance and make it a priority immunization activity

FACTOR? OF AGGRESSIVE BEHAVIOUR OF ADOLESCENTS

The basis for the development of aggressive behavior is first of all led to the family, where upbringing of the child is carried out. The author points out that the social environment is also an important condition for the development of aggression, but most of all, parents and the wat they treat the child in the family is being investigated in the article. The research takes into consideration that many factors, such as lack of parental love and care, dissatisfaction and permanent punishment which result the adolescents aggressive behaviour

METHODOLOGICAL ISSUES OF TEENAGERS’ EDUCATION AT SCHOOL FROM THE VIEWPOINT OF THEORIES OF THIS AGE CRISIS

In the article the questions of school education during teenage crisis are analyzed. It is offered to put theories of teenage crisis in a basis of education. It is considered one of the basic methods of education in psycho–pedagogical regular trainings

Lasting Differential Effects on Plasticity Induced by Prenatal Stress in Dorsal and Ventral Hippocampus

Early life adversaries have a profound impact on the developing brain structure and functions that persist long after the original traumatic experience has vanished. One of the extensively studied brain structures in relation to early life stress has been the hippocampus because of its unique association with cognitive processes of the brain. While the entire hippocampus shares the same intrinsic organization, it assumes different functions in its dorsal and ventral sectors (DH and VH, resp.), based on different connectivity with other brain structures. In the present review, we summarize the differences between DH and VH and discuss functional and structural effects of prenatal stress in the two sectors, with the realization that much is yet to be explored in understanding the opposite reactivity of the DH and VH to stressful stimulation

Lasting Differential Effects on Plasticity Induced by Prenatal Stress in Dorsal and Ventral Hippocampus

Early life adversaries have a profound impact on the developing brain structure and functions that persist long after the original traumatic experience has vanished. One of the extensively studied brain structures in relation to early life stress has been the hippocampus because of its unique association with cognitive processes of the brain. While the entire hippocampus shares the same intrinsic organization, it assumes different functions in its dorsal and ventral sectors (DH and VH, resp.), based on different connectivity with other brain structures. In the present review, we summarize the differences between DH and VH and discuss functional and structural effects of prenatal stress in the two sectors, with the realization that much is yet to be explored in understanding the opposite reactivity of the DH and VH to stressful stimulation