Consenso Mexicano para el Tratamiento de la Hepatitis C

El objetivo del Consenso Mexicano para el Tratamiento de la Hepatitis C fue el de desarrollar un documento como guía en la práctica clínica con aplicabilidad en México. Se tomó en cuenta la opinión de expertos en el tema con especialidad en: gastroenterología, infectología y hepatología. Se realizó una revisión de la bibliografía en MEDLINE, EMBASE y CENTRAL mediante palabras claves referentes al tratamiento de la hepatitis C. Posteriormente se evaluó la calidad de la evidencia mediante el sistema GRADE y se redactaron enunciados, los cuales fueron sometidos a voto mediante un sistema modificado Delphi, y posteriormente se realizó revisión y corrección de los enunciados por un panel de 34 votantes. Finalmente se clasificó el nivel de acuerdo para cada oración. Esta guía busca dar recomendaciones con énfasis en los nuevos antivirales de acción directa y de esta manera facilitar su uso en la práctica clínica. Cada caso debe ser individualizado según sus comorbilidades y el manejo de estos pacientes siempre debe ser multidisciplinario. Abstract The aim of the Mexican Consensus on the Treatment of Hepatitis C was to develop clinical practice guidelines applicable to Mexico. The expert opinion of specialists in the following areas was taken into account: gastroenterology, infectious diseases, and hepatology. A search of the medical literature was carried out on the MEDLINE, EMBASE, and CENTRAL databases through keywords related to hepatitis C treatment. The quality of evidence was subsequently evaluated using the GRADE system and the consensus statements were formulated. The statements were then voted upon, using the modified Delphi system, and reviewed and corrected by a panel of 34 voting participants. Finally, the level of agreement was classified for each statement. The present guidelines provide recommendations with an emphasis on the new direct-acting antivirals, to facilitate their use in clinical practice. Each case must be individualized according to the comorbidities involved and patient management must always be multidisciplinary

Estimate of surface PCO2, in the Gulf of California from underway pH measurements and satellite imagery

The feasibility of estimating the partial pressure of CO2 (PCO2) from underway measurements of sea-surface temperature, pH, salinity and specific alkalinity was tested in the Gulf of California; PCO2 was also estimated from satellite-obtained sea-surface temperature (SST) by applying the pH-temperature relationship of the underway data to the imagery. The pH and PCO2 values were correlated with the major thermal features of the area studied. At the southern, warmer end of the gulf, estimated PCO2 values are approximately 30 to 40 µatm above an expected surface equilibrium value of ca. 356 µatm. Maximum PCO2 values of about 550 µatm were found in the region of the midriff islands. For the 700-km transect, positive correlations were found between pH, in situ measured temperature (IST) and SST. For the warm zone, there was also a negative correlation between satellite-derived pigment (IogP) and pH and temperature. LogP did not correlate with the other variables in the cold zone. The feasibility of using “ships of opportunity” to monitor pH and surface temperature as part of a world-wide PCO2 monitoring program is discussed. La viabilidad de estimar la presión parcial del bióxido de carbono (PCO;) utilizando mediciones superficiales de pH, temperatura, salinidad y alcalinidad específica se probó en el Golfo de California. El PCO2 también fue calculado utilizando la temperatura superficial del agua de mar obtenida de imágenes de satélite (SST), aplicándoles la relación pH-temperatura de las mediciones continuas, Los valores de pH y PCO2 se correlacionaron con las principales características termales del área estudiada. Los valores estimados de PCO2 para la parte sur, más tibia, del golfo estuvieron aproximadamente entre 30 y 40 µatm más altos que lo esperado en aguas superficiales en equilibrio (cn. 356 µatm). Se encontraron valores máximos de PCO, en la región entre las grandes islas. Para los 700 km de recorrido. se encontró una correlación positiva entre el pH y la temperatura medida in situ y la SST. Para la zona sur, hubo una correlación negativa entre el logaritmo de la concentración de pigmentos fotosintéticos de satélite (IogP) y el pH y la temperatura. El IogP no se correlacionó con las demás variables en la zona fría. Se discute la viabilidad de usar “barcos de oportunidad” para medir la temperatura y el pH como parte de programas de monitoreo del PCO2 a gran escala

Molecular and functional comparisons of the vacuolar Na+/H+ exchangers originated from glycophytic and halophytic species*

A novel vacuolar Na+/H+ exchanger, CgNHX1, was cloned from a halophytic species Chenopodium glaucum by using reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE) technique. Sequence alignment and phylogenetic analysis of 22 NHX genes from GenBank as well as the new CgNHX1 gene indicate that NHX genes shared a great degree of similarity, regardless of their glycophytic or halophytic origin. Expression of the CgNHX1 gene was induced by NaCl and peaked at 400 mmol/L NaCl. Overexpression of NHX1 genes in rice enhanced their tolerance to salt stress. However, there is no significant difference in salt tolerance among the transgenic rice plants overexpressing the NHX1 genes from either glycophytic or halophytic species. The Na+ content of both the wild type (WT) and transgenic plants increased when exposed to 50 and 100 mmol/L NaCl, and the Na+ concentration in transgenic plants was marginally higher than that of WT. Our data demonstrate that the overexpression of the NHX1 gene from either glycophytic or halophytic species resulted in the enhanced tolerance to salt stress at a similar level, suggesting that NHX gene per se might not be the reason accounting for the difference in salt tolerance between glycophytes and halophytes