The Influence of Intergovernmental Organizations on Main Determinants of the Open Systems Model with Correlation Analysis Method Application.

The paper aims at analyzing the nature of relations between Intergovernmental Organizations and International Corporations. In first instance the study concentrates on identifying the key determinants of Intergovernmental Organizations behaviours. The following section is a description of business environment of International Companies based on the Open Systems Model. Three levels of interrelations have been mentioned, including the Operating Environment, the Host – Country Environment and the Global Environment. The solution proposal provides an analysis of the influence of determinants of Intergovernmental Organizations behaviours on the determinants of business environment of International Corporations with use of correlation analysis method

Atomic-state diagnostics and optimization in cold-atom experiments

We report on the creation, observation and optimization of superposition states of cold atoms. In our experiments, rubidium atoms are prepared in a magneto-optical trap and later, after switching off the trapping fields, Faraday rotation of a weak probe beam is used to characterize atomic states prepared by application of appropriate light pulses and external magnetic fields. We discuss the signatures of polarization and alignment of atomic spin states and identify main factors responsible for deterioration of the atomic number and their coherence and present means for their optimization, like relaxation in the dark with the strobe probing. These results may be used for controlled preparation of cold atom samples and in situ magnetometry of static and transient fieldsComment: 15 pages and 9 figures (including supplementary information

Supercloseness of Orthogonal Projections onto Nearby Finite Element Spaces

We derive upper bounds on the difference between the orthogonal projections of a smooth function $u$ onto two finite element spaces that are nearby, in the sense that the support of every shape function belonging to one but not both of the spaces is contained in a common region whose measure tends to zero under mesh refinement. The bounds apply, in particular, to the setting in which the two finite element spaces consist of continuous functions that are elementwise polynomials over shape-regular, quasi-uniform meshes that coincide except on a region of measure $O(h^\gamma)$, where $\gamma$ is a nonnegative scalar and $h$ is the mesh spacing. The projector may be, for example, the orthogonal projector with respect to the $L^2$- or $H^1$-inner product. In these and other circumstances, the bounds are superconvergent under a few mild regularity assumptions. That is, under mesh refinement, the two projections differ in norm by an amount that decays to zero at a faster rate than the amounts by which each projection differs from $u$. We present numerical examples to illustrate these superconvergent estimates and verify the necessity of the regularity assumptions on $u$

Tailoring quantum superpositions with linearly polarized amplitude-modulated light

Amplitude-modulated nonlinear magneto-optical rotation is a powerful technique that offers a possibility of controllable generation of given quantum states. In this paper, we demonstrate creation and detection of specific ground-state magnetic-sublevel superpositions in $^{87}$Rb. By appropriate tuning of the modulation frequency and magnetic-field induction the efficiency of a given coherence generation is controlled. The processes are analyzed versus different experimental parameters.SComment: Submitted to Phys. Rev.