Evaluation of condylar position from transcranial projections in primary dentition

Objectives: To evaluate the condylar position through transcranial radiographs in children between 3 years and 6 years old and to associate it with morphological characteristics of primary dentition. Methods: The extraoral transcranial radiographs were taken with plain films using the Accurad-200 head holder (Denar Company, Anaheim, CA), and then they were digitized using a Hewlett Packard 6390 Scanner. The condylar position was determined according, to Gelb's template, in postural rest position (RP) and maximum intercuspal position (MI), and it was associated with the characteristics: normal occlusion (n = 36), open bite with or without overjet greater than 3 mm (n = 27), unilateral or bilateral posterior cross bite (n = 14), overbite greater than 3 min (n = 15). The chi-square and the Fisher Exact Test were used to analyse the data. Results: It was verified that when using Gelb's template, there was not a significant association between the occlusion type found and the position of the condyle in the glenoid fossa when considering, the entire patient sample (P > 0.05). There was a great variability in positions, and most of the children had asymmetric condyles (55.43% in MI and 51.09% in RP). Children with normal occlusion and malocclusion presented the same proportions of condylar position in both mandibular positions. Conclusions: In conclusion, the results of this study showed that the condylar position in small children with different morphological occlusions presented great variability.o TEXTO COMPLETO DESTE ARTIGO, ESTARÁ DISPONÍVEL À PARTIR DE AGOSTO DE 2015.35211011

Chewing behavior and salivary secretion

We determined the salivary flow rate in 16 healthy subjects in rest and while chewing artificial and natural foods (Parafilm, Melba toast with and without margarine, and three different volumes of breakfast cake and cheese). We also determined the duration of a chewing cycle, the number of chewing cycles until swallowing, and the time until swallowing. The physical characteristics of the foods were quantified from force-deformation experiments. The flow rates of the saliva as obtained without stimulation, with Parafilm stimulation, and with chewing on the various foods were significantly correlated. An increase in chewing cycle duration, number of chewing cycles until swallowing, and time until swallowing was observed as a function of the volume of the food. More chewing cycles were required for Melba toast than for an equal volume of cake or cheese. This may be caused by the low water and fat percentage of the Melba toast. The number of chewing cycles and the time until swallowing significantly decreased when the Melba toast was buttered. The decrease may be caused by facilitation in bolus formation and lubrication of the food due to buttering the toast. The number of chewing cycles until swallowing was not correlated to the salivary flow rate

Quality of life and oral health in children - Part II: Brazilian version of the Child Perceptions Questionnaire (11-14)

The Child Perceptions Questionnaire (CPQ 11-14) is a self-administered instrument for the assessment of oral health-related quality of life in children. The objective of this study was to translate and adapt the questionnaire for use in Brazil. The questionnaire was translated from the English original into Brazilian Portuguese using the back-translation method (English/Portuguese/English), followed by evaluation by the review committee and cultural adaptation in a sample of 20 children. Eleven-to fourteen-year-old children did not understand some questions of the questionnaire. Initially, questions 4 and 11 showed an index of "incomprehensibility" in excess of 15%. The necessary cultural adapations were made and the third Portuguese version of CPQ11-14 was self-applied on a new sample of 20 children. Only one question (40) was misunderstood and modified. The fourth Portuguese version was considered adequate by more than 95% of the children evaluated. The Portuguese version of CPQ 11-14 is a useful instrument for assessing oral health-related quality of life in Brazilian children.1673267327

EVALUATION OF THE FAMILY IMPACT SCALE FOR USE IN BRAZIL

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)Objectives: The objectives of this study were to assess the validity and reliability of the Family Impact Scale (FIS) applied in Brazilian parents after translations and cultural adaptations to Brazilian Portuguese language and to evaluate the nature and extent to which the family functioning is compromised by the child oral conditions. Material and Methods: Parents were recruited from general populations for pre-testing (n=20), validity (n=210) and test-retest reliability (n=20) studies. The children were examined for dental caries, gingivitis, fluorosis and malocclusion. Results: The FIS discriminated among the categories of malocclusion and showed good construct validity. The Cronbach's alpha and intraclass correlation coefficients were 0.87 and 0.90, respectively. Almost 20% of the informants reported some family impact 'sometimes' or 'often/everyday' from the child's oral condition. Impact on FIS domains of this frequency ranged from 13.8% for financial difficulties to 24.4% for parental or family activities. Conclusions: The Brazilian Portuguese version of FIS is valid and reliable. The results suggest that child oral conditions have a negative impact on the family. Further research is required, as these findings were based on cross-sectional study and convenience samples.175397403Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES

Bite force determination in children with primary

The aim of this study was to determine the bite force with primary dentition in 30 children with normal occlusion (group I), cross bite (group II) and open bite (group III). The magnitude of the bite force was determined through a pressurized transmitter tube (pressure sensor MPX 5700 Motorola), which was connected to a converse analog/digital electronic circuit. The children bit the tube with maximum force three times successively for 5 s, with a 10 s interval among each bite, and the sign was sent directly to the computer. The highest value of the three, for each patient, was considered. Analysis of variance evaluated difference among the three groups. The means of maximum bite force were 213 17, 249 63 and 241 19 N for the groups, respectively, and there were no significant statistical differences among them (P > 0.05). The analysis of correlation showed that the weight, height and bite force presented weak positive correlation (r = 0.24 and 0.23). It was concluded that in the studied groups the type of occlusion did not affect the maximum values of the bite force and body variables had a small influence in this magnitude.29121174118

Speech evaluation in children with temporomandibular disorders

Objectives: The aims of this study were to evaluate the influence of temporomandibular disorders (TMD) on speech in children, and to verify the influence of occlusal characteristics. Material and methods: Speech and dental occlusal characteristics were assessed in 152 Brazilian children (78 boys and 74 girls), aged 8 to 12 (mean age 10.05 +/- 1.39 years) with or without TMD signs and symptoms. The clinical signs were evaluated using the Research Diagnostic Criteria for TMD (RDC/TMD) (axis I) and the symptoms were evaluated using a questionnaire. The following groups were formed: Group TMD (n=40), TMD signs and symptoms (Group S and 5, n=68), TMD signs or symptoms (Group S or S, n=33), and without signs and symptoms (Group N, n=11). Articulatory speech disorders were diagnosed during spontaneous speech and repetition of the words using the "Phonological Assessment of Child Speech" for the Portuguese language. It was also applied a list of 40 phonological balanced words, read by the speech pathologist and repeated by the children. Data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, Fisher's exact or Chi-square tests (alpha=0.05). Results: A slight prevalence of articulatory disturbances, such as substitutions, omissions and distortions of the sibilants /s/ and /z/, and no deviations in jaw lateral movements were observed. Reduction of vertical amplitude was found in 10 children, the prevalence being greater in TMD signs and symptoms children than in the normal children. The tongue protrusion in phonemes /t/, /d/, /n/, /I/ and frontal lips in phonemes /s/ and /z/ were the most prevalent visual alterations. There was a high percentage of dental occlusal alterations. Conclusions: There was no association between TMD and speech disorders. Occlusal alterations may be factors of influence, allowing distortions and frontal lisp in phonemes /s/ and /z/ and inadequate tongue position in phonemes /t/; /d/; /n/; /I/.19549349

Relationship among oral habits, orofacial function and oral health-related quality of life in children

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)The objective was to evaluate the relationship among oral habits, oral function and oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) in children. Three hundred and twenty-eight subjects (8-14 years old) were assessed for orofacial function using the Brazilian version of the Nordic Orofacial Test-Screening (NOT-S). OHRQoL was assessed using the Child Perceptions Questionnaires (Brazilian versions) for the 8-10 (CPQ(8-10)) and 11-14 (CPQ(11-14)) year age groups. The subjects were distributed into a Habit group and a Habit-free group according to domain III (Habits) of the NOT-S. Oral habits were present in 71.3% of the sample (p =.0001), with a higher prevalence in females (62.8%, p =.001). The NOT-S, CPQ(8-10) and CPQ(11-14) scores were higher in the Habit group (P =.0001, P =.009 and p =.001, respectively). Domain I (Sensory Function) was significantly more affected in Habit group subjects (p =.001). The NOT-S scores were positively correlated with the CPQ(8-10) and CPQ(11-14) scores only in the Habit group (r =.32, p =.0003 and r =.30, p =.001, respectively). These results indicate that oral habits can impact OHRQoL. Moreover, orofacial dysfunctions were associated with worse OHRQoL in subjects with oral habits.273272278Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)FAPESP [2007/06863-0

EFFECT OF REMOVABLE PARTIAL DENTURES REPLACING PRIMARY MOLARS ON MASTICATION OF FOODS WITH VARIABLE TEXTURE

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)This study investigated the effects of a prosthetic appliance on the chewing function, evaluating the electrical activity of masseter and temporal muscles to characterize the chewing process using an artificial test material. Moreover, the chewing behavior with foods of different textures (chewing gum, raw carrot, cheese, banana and industrialized toast) was evaluated. Twenty-three partially edentulous children (12 girls and 11 boys, 7.10 +/- 0.74 year-old) participated. Electromyography and chewing behavior were determined before and 6 months after the appliance placement. During habitual chewing, the muscle activity values after the 6 months were higher (P < 0.001). Electromyographic recording (EMG) values were not correlated with body variables. At the two evaluations, significant differences occurred in the number of cycles, swallowing threshold and amount of food ingested for soft and hard foods. The increase in EMG values and the improvement in chewing natural foods were able to demonstrate the influence possibility of the partial removable denture on the muscles and masticatory functions in children.402240255Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)FAPESP [03/11843-7

Quality of life evaluation of children with sleep bruxism

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Background: The study of potential factors associated with sleep bruxism (SB) may help in determining the etiology of such parafunction. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the quality of life (QoL) of children with SB by means of a generic scale, in addition to the association of sociodemographic characteristics and other parafunctional habits. Methods: This cross-sectional study included healthy children of both genders, aged 7.18 +/- 0.59 years, with (n = 25) and without (n = 69) signs and symptoms of SB. Data were collected in caries-free children from public schools by applying a translated and validated version of the Autoquestionnaire Qualite de Vie Enfant Image (AUQUEI), clinical examination and interview with the parents. The psychometric properties evaluated for the scale referred to internal consistency (ceiling and floor effects, Cronbach's Alpha coefficient, Items Correlation Matrix, and corrected Item-Total Correlation) and the discriminant validity (t-test). By means of logistic regression with stepwise backward elimination, associations were evaluated between SB and age, gender, body mass index, maternal use of alcohol/tobacco/medicine during pregnancy, maternal age at birth, parent's schooling, presence of sucking habit, nail biting, enuresis, number of children, child's order (first born), occurrence of divorce/parent's death, and AUQUEI scores. Results: The results of the AUQUEI psychometric analysis showed homogeneity of items and a Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 0.65; no negative correlations between the items were found. The mean AUQUEI scores for children with SB did not differ significantly from those of children without the parafunction. Only the independent variable "maternal age at birth" showed a significant negative association with SB. Conclusions: In the studied sample, children with SB presented scores of QoL that were similar to those without the parafunction, and children from the youngest mothers were more likely to present SB.10Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)FAPESP [2006/06338-0, 2007/05760-2