Miniscrew-Assisted Mandibular Molar Protraction: A Case Report

The present article describes the case of a 12-year-old female patient in which mandibular second molar protraction was performed after the extraction of a grossly damaged first molar. A titanium miniscrew was placed in the buccal alveolar bone between the canine and premolar to provide direct anchorage for protraction forces. A balancing lingual force was applied. The treatment time was 22 months. Ideal overbite and overjet with good posterior occlusion was achieved

Accidental Intake of Foreign Bodies in Orthodontic Patients: A Management Protocol

One of the common emergencies during dental treatment is accidental intake of dental materials. Dental patients being treated in supine position increases the risk of accidental ingestion during various dental procedures. Orthodontic patients are prone to such incidences because of the small size of materials used such as brackets, molar bands, tubes and archwire clips. Ingestion of a number of orthodontic materials such as retainers, sectional wires, hooks, bands, brackets, or expansion appliance keys have been reported. These materials may be ingested or aspirated and become lodged in the oropharyngeal or gastrointestinal tract. The response to such conditions may vary from no symptoms, mild irritation, to severe consequences such as choking or asphyxiation. A protocol must be available to avoid such untoward episodes and to ensure effective management in case of an occurrence. This article presents a literature review of accidental ingestion or aspiration of orthodontic materials and elucidates an effective management protocol for such emergencies

The relevance of Physico-chemical and diagnostic properties of saliva during orthodontic treatment

Saliva is the principal defensive mechanism in the oral cavity and is critical for preserving and maintaining the health of oral tissues. The physico-chemical properties of saliva are affected by the local factors in the oral cavity and general health of an individual. Orthodontic treatment significantly affects the chemical composition and physical nature of oral fluids. The alteration in the properties of saliva can be utilised to evaluate the advent of orthodontics treatment in an individual. The present article focuses on the relevance of the physic-chemical properties of saliva during the progression of orthodontic treatment and the significance of saliva as a diagnostic analyte during orthodontic treatment

Multi-band optical-NIR variability of blazars on diverse timescales

To search for optical variability on a wide range of timescales, we have carried out photometric monitoring of two flat spectrum radio quasars, 3C 454.3 and 3C 279, plus one BL Lac, S5 0716+714, all of which have been exhibiting remarkably high activity and pronounced variability at all wavelengths. CCD magnitudes in B, V, R and I pass-bands were determined for $\sim$ 7000 new optical observations from 114 nights made during 2011 - 2014, with an average length of $\sim$ 4 h each, at seven optical telescopes: four in Bulgaria, one in Greece, and two in India. We measured multiband optical flux and colour variations on diverse timescales. Discrete correlation functions were computed among B, V, R, and I observations, to search for any time delays. We found weak correlations in some cases with no significant time lags. The structure function method was used to estimate any characteristic time-scales of variability. We also investigated the spectral energy distribution of the three blazars using B, V, R, I, J and K pass-band data. We found that the sources almost always follows a bluer-when-brighter trend. We discuss possible physical causes of the observed spectral variability.Comment: Accepted for publication in MNRAS, 16 pages, 11 figures, 5 tables, plus supplementary material containing additional figures and tables (please contact authors for it

eDiscovery in the cloud-challenges and benefits

Cloud computing is a rapidly emerging area of the today’s technology industry. Moving towards cloud computing continues to gain importance and enable legal practitioners and law firms to expand their capabilities. The cloud provides the access to elastic computing that can fuel everything from traditional productivity applications like personnel management, presentation development and word processing, to sophisticated business application that includes content management, data mining and sales automations. Moving all or part of the firm’s e-discovery functions to the cloud may lead to navigating complex issues to effect firm’s security. This paper will focus on some of basics of eDiscovery, how cloud changes the way of its working. Here, we focus on the challenges of eDiscovery in the cloud

Possible nitric oxide mechanism in the protective effect of hesperidin against ischemic reperfusion cerebral injury in rats

609-618Stroke is the third leading cause of death and disability around the globe. The aim of the present investigation was to evaluate the protective effect of hesperidin and its nitric oxide mechanism against cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury. Bilateral common carotid artery occlusion for 30 min followed by 24 h reperfusion was given to induce ischemia in rats. Animals were pretreated with hesperidin (50 and 100 mg/kg, po) for 7 days. Various behavioural tests, oxidative stress parameters, endogenous antioxidant system, antioxidant enzyme activity and mitochondrial enzyme complex (I, II, III and IV) dysfunctions in cortex and striatum were assessed subsequently. Hesperidin (50 and 100 mg/kg) significantly improved neurobehavioral alterations (neurological score, locomotor activity, resistance to lateral push and hanging wire latency), attenuated oxidative damage, restored antioxidant and mitochondrial complex enzyme activities in cortex and in striatum regions of the brain as compared to their respective controls. L-arginine (100 mg/kg) or L-NAME (10 mg/kg) pretreatment with lower dose of hesperidin (50 mg/kg) significantly reversed or potentiated its protective effect, respectively which was significant as compared to hesperidin (50 mg/kg). The results highlight the involvement of nitric oxide mechanism in the protective effect of hesperidin against ischemia reperfusion injury induced alterations

Detection of molecular biomarkers as a diagnostic tool in the planning and progression of orthodontic treatment

Orthodontic treatment focuses on providing patient care at the appropriate timing to utilize the growth potential for best results. It involves growth modification of the craniofacial region along with alveolar bone remodeling during tooth movement. The dynamic process of bone metabolism involves the release of biochemical mediators in the circulation. These molecules are indicative of the bone remodeling activity of osteoblastic deposition and osteoclastic resorption. Such biomarkers when detectable in the systemic circulation highlight the skeletal maturity of orthodontic patients and when detected locally as, in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) and saliva, indicate the progression of orthodontically induced alveolar bone remodeling. Assessment of molecular biomarkers of bone remodeling in the body fluids would aid the clinicians in planning orthodontic treatment at the ideal timing and evaluating the advent of the treatment

Crouzon syndrome: A comprehensive review and case report

Crouzon syndrome is an autosomal dominant disorder characterized by craniosynostosis of coronal and sagittal sutures. Crouzon syndrome is caused by mutation in the fibroblast growth factor receptor-2 (FGFR-2) gene. Other characteristic features of Crouzon syndrome include exophthalmos, midfacial hypoplasia, and mandibular prognathism. The present article describes a case report of a 13-year-old male patient with characteristic skeletal and dental features of Crouzon syndrome

Effects of adhesion promoter on orthodontic bonding in fluorosed teeth: A scanning electron microscopy study

Introduction: The objectives of the present study were to elucidate the effects of fluorosis in orthodontic bonding and to evaluate the efficiency of an adhesion promoter (Assure Universal Bonding Resin) in bonding to fluorosed teeth. Materials and Methods: Extracted premolars were divided into two groups on the basis of Thylstrup and Fejerskov Index. Ten samples from each group were etched and evaluated for etching patterns using scanning electron microscope (SEM). The remaining samples were subdivided into four groups of 20 each on the basis of adhesives used: IA, IIA - Transbond XT and IB, IIB - Transbond XT plus Assure Universal Bonding Resin. Shear bond strength (SBS) was measured after 24 h using the universal testing machine. Adhesive remnant index (ARI) scores were recorded using SEM. Statistical analysis was conducted using a two-way analysis of variance, and Tukey′s post hoc test was performed on SBS and ARI scores. Results: Similar etching patterns were observed in both fluorosed and nonfluorosed teeth. No significant differences were found in the SBS values observed in both groups (8.66 ± 3.19 vs. 8.53 ± 3.44, P = 1.000). Increase in SBS was observed when Assure Universal Bonding Resin was used. Higher ARI scores were observed when adhesion promoter was used for bonding. Conclusions: Mild-moderately fluorosed teeth etch in a manner similar to the nonfluorosed teeth. Similar bond strengths were achieved in fluorosed and nonfluorosed teeth when conventional composite was used. Use of adhesion promoter increases the bond strengths in both groups of teeth