480 research outputs found
CRITICAL SHEAR STRESS ESTIMATES FOR SUNKEN ALBERTA BITUMEN IN AN ANNULAR FLUME
Under certain environmental conditions and depending on its specific gravity, spilled oil has the ability to sink to the bottom of a water body (e.g., lake, river, ocean) (i.e., sunken oil). Once there, it can be difficult to predict the sunken oilâs fate and transport, making response efforts challenging. The Office of Response and Restoration (ORR) of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) currently uses mathematical models in an attempt to better predict the movement of spilled oil. However, mathematical models cannot be simulative of the predicted trajectory if the physical or chemical properties of the oil are unknown, which limits the effectiveness for response. This is especially true for models predicting the movement of sunken oil.
The critical shear stress (CSS) of sunken oil is the key parameter that governs whether it will migrate along the bottom of a water body or become resuspended in the water column. Ideally, there would be CSS estimates for all oil types that responders could reference during a spill, but research in this field is limited. This thesis research, conducted by the Coastal Response Research Center (CRRC) at the University of New Hampshire (UNH), used an annular flume equipped with an acoustic Doppler velocimeter and high definition cameras, to estimate the CSS of Alberta bitumen by measuring instantaneous, three-dimensional water current velocities.
For this thesis, CSS estimates of Alberta bitumen were calculated using 21 saltwater runs and 15 freshwater runs. Runs were performed at varying temperatures (15.7-28°C) and water velocities (8.5-60 cm/s; 0.17-1.2 knots). Mathematical CSS estimates were determined using MATLAB. Shear stress estimates ranged from 0.06-2.32 Pa, which are comparable to those determined by other researchers at the velocity range tested in this research. Results showed that higher temperature and water velocity resulted in increased sunken oil movement; no significant trends were observed for sunken oil erosions
Coherent Transport Through a Quadruple Point in a Few Electron Triple Dot
A few electron double electrostatic lateral quantum dot can be transformed
into a few electron triple quantum dot by applying a different combination of
gate voltages. Quadruple points have been achieved at which all three dots are
simultaneously on resonance. At these special points in the stability diagram
four occupation configurations are possible. Both charge detection and
transport experiments have been performed on this device. In this short paper
we present data and confirm that transport is coherent by observing a Pi phase
shift in magneto-conductance oscillations as one passes through the quadruple
point.Comment: To be published in ICPS Conf. Proceedings 200
A Tuneable Few Electron Triple Quantum Dot
In this paper we report on a tuneable few electron lateral triple quantum dot
design. The quantum dot potentials are arranged in series. The device is aimed
at studies of triple quantum dot properties where knowing the exact number of
electrons is important as well as quantum information applications involving
electron spin qubits. We demonstrate tuning strategies for achieving required
resonant conditions such as quadruple points where all three quantum dots are
on resonance. We find that in such a device resonant conditions at specific
configurations are accompanied by novel charge transfer behaviour.Comment: 11 pages, 4 figure
New onset, transient and stable motoric cognitive risk syndrome: Clinical characteristics and association with incidence of probable dementia in the NuAge cohort.
BACKGROUND: Motoric cognitive risk syndrome (MCR) is a pre-dementia stage. The existence of stable and transient MCR, their related clinical characteristics and their association with incident dementia is a matter of debate. OBJECTIVE: This study aims to examine the clinical characteristics and the time course associated with new onset, transient and stable MCR, and their association with incidence of probable dementia in community-dwelling older adults living in the province of Quebec (Canada). DESIGN: Quebec elderly population-based observational cohort study with 3 years of follow-up. SETTING: Community dwellers. SUBJECTS: A subset of participants (nâ=â1,113) from the âQuebec Longitudinal Study on Nutrition and Successful Agingâ (NuAge) cohort. METHODS: Participants with MCR were identified at baseline and after 1 year of follow-up. Socio-demographic characteristics, 30-item Geriatric depression scale (GDS) score, cardiovascular risk factors and diseases were recorded at baseline. Incidence of probable dementia was measured at annual follow-up visits over a 3-year period. RESULTS: Over the period of the first year of follow-up, the prevalence of MCR was 8.5% with 4.3% having new onset MCR, 2.8% transient MCR and 1.4% stable MCR. A higher 30-item GDS score was reported with new onset and transient MCR, and the highest prevalence of cerebrovascular diseases was shown with stable MCR compared to non-MCR participants (pâ<â0.05). MCR was associated with overall incidence of probable dementia, regardless of its status (Hazard Ratioââ„â1.86, pââ€â0.034). CONCLUSION: Greater prevalence of depressive symptoms and cerebrovascular diseases were reported, respectively, with new onset and transient MCR, and stable MCR. The association of MCR with incidence of probable dementia remains significant, regardless of MCR subtypes
Theory of electronic transport through a triple quantum dot in the presence of magnetic field
Theory of electronic transport through a triangular triple quantum dot
subject to a perpendicular magnetic field is developed using a tight binding
model. We show that magnetic field allows to engineer degeneracies in the
triple quantum dot energy spectrum. The degeneracies lead to zero electronic
transmission and sharp dips in the current whenever a pair of degenerate states
lies between the chemical potential of the two leads. These dips can occur with
a periodicity of one flux quantum if only two levels contribute to the current
or with half flux quantum if the three levels of the triple dot contribute. The
effect of strong bias voltage and different lead-to-dot connections on
Aharonov-Bohm oscillations in the conductance is also discussed
An electrostatically defined serial triple quantum dot charged with few electrons
A serial triple quantum dot (TQD) electrostatically defined in a GaAs/AlGaAs
heterostructure is characterized by using a nearby quantum point contact as
charge detector. Ground state stability diagrams demonstrate control in the
regime of few electrons charging the TQD. An electrostatic model is developed
to determine the ground state charge configurations of the TQD. Numerical
calculations are compared with experimental results. In addition, the tunneling
conductance through all three quantum dots in series is studied. Quantum
cellular automata processes are identified, which are where charge
reconfiguration between two dots occurs in response to the addition of an
electron in the third dot.Comment: 12 pages, 9 figure
Time Resolved Control of Electron Tunnelling Times and Single-shot Spin Readout in a Quantum Dot
We are pursuing a capability to perform time resolved manipulations of single
spins in quantum dot circuits involving more than two quantum dots. In this
paper, we demonstrate full counting statistics as well as averaging techniques
we use to calibrate the tunnel barriers. We make use of this to implement the
Delft protocol for single shot single spin readout in a device designed to form
a triple quantum dot potential. We are able to tune the tunnelling times over
around three orders of magnitude. We obtain a spin relaxation time of 300
microseconds at 10T.Comment: Submitted to EP2DS 2009 Conference Proceeding
Bipolar spin blockade and coherent state superpositions in a triple quantum dot
Spin qubits based on interacting spins in double quantum dots have been
successfully demonstrated. Readout of the qubit state involves a conversion of
spin to charge information, universally achieved by taking advantage of a spin
blockade phenomenon resulting from Pauli's exclusion principle. The archetypal
spin blockade transport signature in double quantum dots takes the form of a
rectified current. Currently more complex spin qubit circuits including triple
quantum dots are being developed. Here we show both experimentally and
theoretically (a) that in a linear triple quantum dot circuit, the spin
blockade becomes bipolar with current strongly suppressed in both bias
directions and (b) that a new quantum coherent mechanism becomes relevant.
Within this mechanism charge is transferred non-intuitively via coherent states
from one end of the linear triple dot circuit to the other without involving
the centre site. Our results have implications in future complex
nano-spintronic circuits.Comment: 21 pages, 7 figure
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