25 research outputs found
Schwerpunktsetzungen in der Forschungs- und Technologiepolitik: eine Analyse der Paradigmenwechsel seit 1945
'Die Frage der richtigen Schwerpunkt- und PrioritĂ€tensetzung beschĂ€ftigt die Forschungs- und Technologiepolitik seit ihren AnfĂ€ngen. Nach dem Zweiten Weltkrieg können mehrere Paradigmen in der Schwerpunktsetzung beobachtet werden: die klassische Missionsorientierung im Bereich der Atom-, Raumfahrt- und RĂŒstungsforschung, die industriepolitisch motivierte Ausweitung auf eine groĂe Zahl an 'SchlĂŒsseltechnologien' mit breitem wirtschaftlichen Anwendungsspektrum, die Betonung von generischen MaĂnahmen im Zusammenhang mit systemischen und Cluster-AnsĂ€tzen sowie die thematische Schwerpunktsetzung entlang von gesellschaftlichen Problemfeldern. In diesem Beitrag werden diese Paradigmen, ihre Charakteristika und die zu ihrer Legitimation herangezogenen BegrĂŒndungszusammenhĂ€nge dargestellt. Dabei wird gezeigt, dass es zwar zu einer Weiterentwicklung der AnsĂ€tze kommt und sich historisch vorlaufende AnsĂ€tze als nicht hinreichend differenziert und den neuen Anforderungen des Innovationssystems gewachsen herausstellen, dass die Entstehung eines neuen Paradigmas das vorangegangene aber nicht vollstĂ€ndig ablöst. Vielmehr bauen die einzelnen AnsĂ€tze der Schwerpunktbildung aufeinander auf, sodass es zu einer sukzessiven Ăberlagerung und Koexistenz kommt - mit Konsequenzen fĂŒr den (wachsenden) KomplexitĂ€tsgrad von Forschungs- und Technologiepolitik.' (Autorenreferat)'From the beginning, research and technology policy is challenged in how to set priorities. After World War II, we can observe different paradigms for priority setting: 'classical mission-oriented technology policy' for nuclear, space and defence R&D; the focus on 'key technologies', motivated by industrial policy considerations; the rise of so-called 'systemic policies' (e.g., cluster-oriented policies) in the 1990s; and most recently probably the emergence of a 'new mission orientation' as a new paradigm with its thematic priorities set along societal needs. In this contribution, these paradigms, their characteristics and the rationales behind them are analysed. The author's intend to demonstrate that the further development of research and technology policy paradigms occurs, when the current paradigm cannot cope with the increased complexity of the innovation system. 'Old' paradigms are not replaced completely, but co-exist with the new paradigms - which, in turn, increases the complexities that research and technology policy must tackle.' (author's abstract
Adaptive Optics Spectroscopy of the [Fe II] Outflows from HL Tauri and RW Aurigae
We present new results of [Fe II] 1.644-micron spectroscopy toward the jets
from HL Tau and RW Aur carried out with the Subaru Telescope combined with the
adaptive optics system. We observed the regions within 2" - 3" from the stars
with the sub-arcsecond resolutions of 0."5 and 0."2 for HL Tau and RW Aur,
respectively. In addition to the strong, high velocity emission extended along
each jet, we detected a blueshifted low velocity emission feature seen as a
wing or shoulder of the high velocity emission at each stellar position.
Detailed analysis shows that the position-velocity diagrams (PVDs) of HL Tau
and RW Aur show a characteristic similar to those of the cold disk wind and
X-wind models in that the [Fe II] line width is broad in the vicinity of the
stellar position and is narrower at the extended jet. A closer comparison
suggests, however, that the disk wind model tends to have too large line width
at the jet while the X-wind model has excess emission on the redshifted side at
the stellar position. The narrow velocity width with symmetric line profiles of
the observed high velocity emission supports an X-wind type model where the
launching region is localized in a small radial range, while the low velocity
emission located away from the star favors the presence of a disk wind. The [Fe
II] emission from the HL Tau jet shows a gap of 0."8 between the redshifted jet
and the star, indicating the presence of an optically thick disk of ~ 160 AU in
radius. The [Fe II] emission from the RW Aur jet shows a marked drop from the
redshifted peak at Y ~ -0."2 toward the star, suggesting that its disk radius
is smaller than 40 AU.Comment: Accepted in the ApJ (October 2006, v649n2), AAS LaTEX macros v 5.2,
Total 25 pages with 7 figure
Ăsterreichischer Technologiebericht 1999
Ăsterreichischer Technologiebericht 199