In vivo evaluation of cortical thickness with magnetic resonance imaging in patients with bipolar disorder

Changes in cortical thickness can be related to neuropsychiatric disorders and neurodegenerative processes. Previous studies have been conducted to characterize the pattern of changes in cortical thickness in several psychiatric diseases. The aim of the present study was to evaluate changes in cortical thickness with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in patients with bipolar disorder. Twenty-seven patients with bipolar disorder (14 male, 36.0 ± 16.2 years old; 13 female, 41.6 ± 10.7 years old) and 40 healthy controls (16 male, 36.0 ± 10.5 years old; 24 female, 37.0 ± 4.7 years old) underwent 3T MRI. Sagittal T1-weighted magnetization prepared rapid acquisition gradient echo images were acquired (voxel size, 1.33 mm³; 128 slices; in-plane matrix resolution, 256 × 256; flip angle, 7º; repetition time, 2530 ms; echo time, 3.39 ms; inversion time, 1100 ms). Cortical segmentation was performed using FreeSurfer 4.0.5. The results indicated both thinning and thickening of the cerebral cortex in patients with bipolar disorder compared with controls, depending on gender. Significant (p < .01) thickening was observed in the right hemisphere superior-parietal cortex in female patients with bipolar disorder, and significant (p < .05) thinning was observed in the left hemisphere caudal-anterior cingulate in male patients with bipolar disorder. The other regions did not show significant differences. The results suggest that an analysis of cortical thickness with MRI in patients with bipolar disorder may allow identification of areas that may be morphologically changed compared with controls. Demonstration of these alterations will elucidate the pathophysiology of bipolar disorder and may contribute to better therapies for this disorder

Universal Mask Usage for Reduction of Respiratory Viral Infections After Stem Cell Transplant: A Prospective Trial

Background. Respiratory viral infections (RVIs) are frequent complications of hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT). Surgical masks are a simple and inexpensive intervention that may reduce nosocomial spread

Reversed halo sign in pneumocystis pneumonia: a case report

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The reversed halo sign may sometimes be seen in patients with cryptogenic organizing pneumonia, but is rarely associated with other diseases.</p> <p>Case presentation</p> <p>We present a case study of a 32-year-old male patient with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, who had previously been treated with chemotherapy for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. A chest X-ray showed bilateral patchy infiltrates. High-resolution computed tomography revealed the reversed halo sign in both upper lobes. The patient was diagnosed with pneumocystis pneumonia, which was successfully treated with sulfamethoxazole trimethoprim; the reversed halo sign disappeared, leaving cystic lesions. Cases such as this one are rare, but show that the reversed halo sign may occur in patients who do not have cryptogenic organizing pneumonia.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Physicians can avoid making an incorrect diagnosis and prescribing the wrong treatment by carefully evaluating all clinical criteria rather than assuming that the reversed halo sign only occurs with cryptogenic organizing pneumonia.</p

TOI-199 b: A well-characterized 100-day transiting warm giant planet with TTVs seen from Antarctica

We present the spectroscopic confirmation and precise mass measurement of the warm giant planet TOI-199 b. This planet was first identified in TESS photometry and confirmed using ground-based photometry from ASTEP in Antarctica including a full 6.5$\,$h long transit, PEST, Hazelwood, and LCO; space photometry from NEOSSat; and radial velocities (RVs) from FEROS, HARPS, CORALIE, and CHIRON. Orbiting a late G-type star, TOI-199\,b has a $\mathrm{104.854_{-0.002}^{+0.001} \, d}$ period, a mass of $\mathrm{0.17\pm0.02 \, M_J}$, and a radius of $\mathrm{0.810\pm0.005 \, R_J}$. It is the first warm exo-Saturn with a precisely determined mass and radius. The TESS and ASTEP transits show strong transit timing variations, pointing to the existence of a second planet in the system. The joint analysis of the RVs and TTVs provides a unique solution for the non-transiting companion TOI-199 c, which has a period of $\mathrm{273.69_{-0.22}^{+0.26} \, d}$ and an estimated mass of $\mathrm{0.28_{-0.01}^{+0.02} \, M_J}$. This period places it within the conservative Habitable Zone.Comment: 33 pages, 23 figures. Accepted for publication in A

Ejecta Evolution Following a Planned Impact into an Asteroid: The First Five Weeks

The impact of the DART spacecraft into Dimorphos, moon of the asteroid Didymos, changed Dimorphos' orbit substantially, largely from the ejection of material. We present results from twelve Earth-based facilities involved in a world-wide campaign to monitor the brightness and morphology of the ejecta in the first 35 days after impact. After an initial brightening of ~1.4 magnitudes, we find consistent dimming rates of 0.11-0.12 magnitudes/day in the first week, and 0.08-0.09 magnitudes/day over the entire study period. The system returned to its pre-impact brightness 24.3-25.3 days after impact through the primary ejecta tail remained. The dimming paused briefly eight days after impact, near in time to the appearance of the second tail. This was likely due to a secondary release of material after re-impact of a boulder released in the initial impact, through movement of the primary ejecta through the aperture likely played a role.Comment: 16 pages, 5 Figures, accepted in the Astrophysical Journal Letters (ApJL) on October 16, 202