The assessment of physico-chemical and biological water quality characteristics of the Ibai River between wet and dry seasons, Kuala Terengganu, Malaysia

The environmental study was carried to evaluate the condition of Ibai River, Kuala Terengganu, at East Coast of Peninsular. The objectives of this study are to determine physico-chemical, biological of water quality and classify them and to determine the spatial-temporal relationship based on one way ANOVA, regression and correlation analysis. 3 sampling stations were selected in this study to represent the water quality condition of the river. The 2005 to 2010 data of eleven water quality parameters: TSS, BOD, AN, COD, DO, TEMP, EC, SAL, TUR, NO3 and pH were analyzed. Under the statistical approach, all the calculations were done at 5% level of significant. The results show that most of stations were classified as slightly polluted (Class II) during dry season. During wet season, almost all stations were classified as moderate polluted (Class III) even at station 2 in 2009 were classified as polluted (Class V) due to very low WQI (24%).Keywords: Ibai River; water quality parameters; water pollution; WQI; NWQ

Determination of carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in air samples in Irbid, north Jordan

Air samples were collected at an urban site and a rural (BERQESH) site during February (2017) until March (2017) to determine concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Air. The extraction process was done by using Soxhlet apparatus and methylene chloride as solvent. The sample clean up step is performed by solid phase extraction. The analysis of PAHs samples are carried out by GC/MS. Low molecular weight PAHs dominated in all samples such as acenaphthylene, fluorene and anthracene, while high molecular weight PAHs was not detected. The total mean PAHs concentration in summer in Rural Area (92ng/m3) is higher than that in winter (46 ng/m3). In addition, PAHs total mean concentration in the day time is higher than that in the night time. The total mean PAHs concentration in summer in Urban Area (124 ng/m3) is higher than that in winter (75 ng/m3).Keywords: pollution; (PAHs); environment; fossil fuels; Jordan; human; seaso

Assessment of natural groundwater recharge in Tudun Wada Local Government Kano State, Nigeria

Water is important natural resources on earth which cater for all human endeavors. Estimation of groundwater recharge is an essential for efficient groundwater resources management. This research entails the assessment of natural groundwater recharge in Tudun Wada Kano, Nigeria. This study carried out on 2015 attempted to derive an empirical relationship to determine the groundwater recharge from rainfall in Tudun Wada based on seasonal groundwater balance using data from 2002 to 2013. This empirical relationship similar to Chaturvedi formula was derived by fitting the estimated values of rainfall recharge and the corresponding values of rainfall in the monsoon season through the non-linear regression techniques. The variance was found to be 29.50 %, and the recharge of groundwater commences at P = 15.28 inches and the relative errors was found to range from 0.95 to 28.43%.Keywords: groundwater; rainfall; recharge; wet season; water balance; empirical relatio

Selected Malaysia air quality pollutants assessment using chemometrics techniques

Air quality played an important role as polluted air quality could harm human health, environment as well as property. Thus, a study of air quality pollutants assessment using chemometrics was performed with the objectives to ensure the air quality data analysis is valid, acceptable and interpreted well. Analysis of PCA, FA, KMO and Bartlett’s test were done on five main air quality pollutants (O3, NO2, SO2, CO and PM10) from all around Malaysia. From the data analysis obtained, the concentrations of air quality pollutants all around Malaysia starting from 2008 to 2011 were acceptable and the most dominant major pollutants had been highlighted. KMO obtained in this study is 0.7760, which show that the results are factor well. While, Bartlett’s test shows that the variables correlated to each other’s. From these tests, air quality data were acceptable for factor analysis.Keywords: air pollution; chemometrics; PCA; F

Impact sedimentation to community structure macrozoobenthos in Segara Anakan Lagoon

Change of structure community of Macrozoobenthos due to sedimentation has apparently contributed to a reduction of the quality of the aquatic environment, particularly in Segara Anakan Lagoon. This study aims to determine the extent to which the effects of sedimentation and nutrients in the Segara Anakan Lagoon on macrozoobenthos community structure. The method used in this study surveys. Primary data collected are nutrients, macrozoobenthos, sedimentation rate and secondary data. The results showed that the rate of sedimentation in the dry and rainy season was 0.067 to 2 m/s and 1.61 to 2.00 m/s respectively. Balanus sp, Melanoides sp, Corbicula sp, Polychaeta sp., Thiara sp. were dominance in the dry season, while Corbicula sp, Melanoides sp, Thiara sp, Tarebra sp, Balanus sp, Polychaeta sp. and Barbatia sp. were dominance in the rainy season.Keywords: sedimentation; community structure Macrozoobenthos; Segara Anakan Lagoo

Air quality modelling using chemometric techniques

The datasets of air quality parameters for three years (2012-2014) were applied. HACA gave the result of three different groups of similarity based on the characteristics of air quality parameters. DA shows all seven parameters (CO, O3, PM10, SO2, NOx, NO and NO2) gave the most significant variables after stepwise backward mode. PCA identifies the major source of air pollution is due to combustion of fossil fuels in motor vehicles and industrial activities. The ANN model shows a better prediction compared to the MLR model with R2 values equal to 0.819 and 0.773 respectively.This study presents that the chemometric techniques and modelling become an excellent tool in API assessment, air pollution source identification, apportionment and can be setbacks in designing an API monitoring network for effective air pollution resources management.Keywords: air pollutant index; chemometric; ANN; ML

Potential of sea level rise impact on South China Sea: a preliminary study in Terengganu, Malaysia

The effect of the sea level rise was involved the existence of sea water intrusion and coastal erosion phenomenon in the coastal of Terengganu. This study aim to determine fluctuation of high and low tides of the South China Sea in their relation to water quality value of Marang and Paka Rivers as well as from wells monitoring along the Terengganu Coast. Sampling was carried out twice during high and low tides, first in November 2012 and was repeated in November 2015. For the river quality study, it involves six parameters and involves nine parameters for well survey. Two-way t-test was used under statistical analysis to differentiate between two samplings. The result of the study can be assured that sea level rise resulting in decreased concentration of salinity, EC and TDS from upstream to downstream as a result of qualitatively rise of sea level at Terengganu beach as an impact of global warming events.Keywords: Marang and Paka Rivers; water quality parameter; well water quality; sea level rise; South China Se

Temporal change detection of land use/land cover using GIS and remote sensing techniques in South Ghor Regions, Al-Karak, Jordan

This study examines the spatial and temporal changes of land use and land cover in South Ghor, Jordan. Satellite images for the years 1972, 1989, 1999 and 2016 were used for LULC supervised classification techniques, four LULC classes were decided: built-up areas, pastures and bare land, agricultural land and water bodies. For the accuracy of assessment classifications, matrix error and KAPPA analysis have been used in this paper. The analysis detected by supervised classification techniques show that agricultural land and built-up land have increased, while barren land and water bodies have decreased. It is predicted that the study would significantly contribute to better policy making, sustainable development and developing useful change detection planes for the south ghor regions and similar regions of the country.Keywords: land use/land cover change; change detection; classification; remote sensing; GI

Climate changes impacts towards sedimentation rate at Terengganu River, Terengganu, Malaysia

The climate changes caused by rainfall and stream flow are not the major contribution the changing of water level. This study was carried out at Terengganu River Basin in wet and dry season to assess the sedimentation problem and  its relationship with   hydrological characteristic. Three parameters analyzed based on in-situ and ex-situ analysis according to the correlation matrix and linear regression methods. The TSS (mg/L), Turbidity (NTU) and SSC  (mg/L)  were higher  during  dry  season  compared  wet  season  caused  by  El  Nino  phenomenon (January 2016). There are higher positive correlation between SSC and TSS, R²= 0.924 (wet season) and R² = 0.841 (dry season), the correlation between the observation (Q) and the TSS is no significant R² = 0.057 (wet season) and R² = 0.001 (dry season). The main contributors of sedimentation problems in Terengganu River caused by the climate changes phenomenon.Keywords: sedimentation; Terengganu River basin; hydrological characteristic; El Nino; communitie

The evaluation of physico-chemical and biological characteristics of water quality between wet and dry seasons of Nerus River, Kuala Terengganu, Malaysia

The objective of this study is to determine the physicochemical, biological condition and their water classification of the Nerus River, to identify the spatial-temporal reelationship between water quality and the pollution by using statistical techniques. The methodology of the study starting  with  analyze  of  13 of  water  quality  parameters  such  as  temperature,  pH,  DO, conductivity, TDS, salinity, turbidity, TSS, COD, BOD, NH3-N and E.coli. Total of three sampling stations (station 6, 7 and 11) were selected and sampling was carried out during dry and wet seasons from 2005 to 2010. Results of the study based on WQI, the river at station 6 and 7 was classified as Class II and Class III, while Class III and Class IV for station 11.Under NWQS, the level most of the parameters remained at Class II and Class III.Keywords: Nerus River; anthropogenic activities; water quality index; national water quality standar