926 research outputs found
Asymptotes of macroscopic observables in Gibbs measures of general interacting particle systems
This paper studies the Gibbs measure of an interacting particle system with a
general interaction kernel at various temperature regimes. We are particularly
interested in fine features of the convergence to the mean-field density as the
number of particles tends to infinity. Our main results are concentration
bounds, and estimates on the Laplace transform of fluctuations. The main
technique is a regularization procedure for general interaction kernels, based
on an associated parabolic flow
Large Deviation Principle for local empirical measure of Coulomb gases at intermediate temperature regime
This paper deals with Coulomb gases at an intermediate temperature regime. We
define a local empirical field and identify a critical temperature scaling. We
show that if the scaling of the temperature is supercritical, the local
empirical field satisfies an LDP with an entropy-based rate function. We also
show that if the scaling of the temperature is subcritical, the local empirical
field satisfies an LDP with an energy-based rate function. In the critical
temperature scaling regime, we derive an LDP-type result in which the "rate
function" features the competition of an entropy and energy terms. An important
idea in this work is to exploit the different scaling relations satisfied by
the Coulomb energy and the entropy
Generalized transport inequalities and concentration bounds for Riesz-type gases
This paper explores the connection between a generalized Riesz electric
energy and norms on the set of probability measures defined in terms of
duality. We derive functional inequalities linking these two notions,
recovering and generalizing existing Coulomb transport inequalities. We then
use them to prove concentration of measure around the equilibrium and thermal
equilibrium measures. Finally, we leverage these concentration inequalities to
obtain Moser-Trudinger-type inequalities, which may also be interpreted as
bounds on the Laplace transform of fluctuations.Comment: Typos fixed. We thank Martin Rouault for spotting the
Antimicrobial Properties and Characterization of Polymer/Composite Nanofibers
Pathogenic bacteria have been the cause of many illnesses worldwide due to their rapid growth and reproduction in food and water. Bacteria-resistant antibiotics and kidney complications due to overuse of antibiotics has remained a large public health concern. The goal of this research project was to find an alternative by producing nanofibers that inhibit microbial growth utilizing Forcespinning technology. The Forcespinning of poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) with Single Wall Carbon Nanotubes functionalized with OH (SWCNT-OH) and Ag + flakes were carried out on solutions with different concentrations. Scanning electron microscopy was used to view fiber morphology and investigate the average nanofiber diameter. Raman spectroscopy was used to observe the molecular vibrations of the samples investigated, thermal gravimetric analysis was used to compare various samples, dynamic scanning calorimetry was used to observe shifts in the glass transition temperature of PAA at different heating rates, and preliminary antimicrobial properties of the nanofibers was investigated
Effect of Toothbrushing On Shade and Surface Roughness of Extrinsically Stained Pressable Ceramics
Statement of problem
The effect of toothbrushing on extrinsically stained pressable ceramic materials is unknown. Purpose
The purpose of this in vitro study was to investigate the effects of toothbrushing on the shade and surface roughness of extrinsically stained, pressable ceramics. Material and Methods
Two materials, leucite-based (IPS Empress Esthetic [EE]; Ivoclar Vivadent AG) and lithium disilicate-based ceramic (IPS e.max Press [EP]; Ivoclar Vivadent AG), were studied. For each material, 24 disk-shaped specimens, 10 mm (diameter)×3 mm (height) were fabricated. Three different methods (n=8) of applying extrinsic stains were performed on each material: glazed only (G, control group); stained then glazed (SG); and stained and glazed together (T). The specimens were brushed with a multistation brushing machine under a load of 1.96 N at a rate of 90 strokes per minute with a soft and straight toothbrush (Oral-B #35) and a 1:1 toothpaste and distilled water slurry. Shade and roughness were measured at baseline and at 72, 144, 216, and 288 hours, which is equivalent to 3, 6, 9, and 12 years of simulated toothbrushing for 2 minutes twice a day. A repeated measures ANOVA with staining technique as a fixed factor was used to evaluate shade and roughness (α=.05). Results
For EE groups, no significant change was found after 12 years of simulated toothbrushing regarding shade and surface roughness, irrespective of staining techniques (P\u3e.05). However, EP groups demonstrated a significant shade change and an increase in surface roughness after 12 years of simulated toothbrushing. Shade change was found to depend on the method of applying stain. For the EP-SG technique, a significant shade change was observed only at the 9- to 12-year interval (P=.047). However, the EP-T technique demonstrated a significant difference in shade between baseline and 3 years (P=.005) and in the 6- to 9-year interval (P=.005). Surface roughness was only significantly affected at baseline and 3 years for the EP-T group (P=.005). Conclusions
For the shade and surface roughness of the EE groups, no statistically significant difference was found after 12 years of toothbrushing, irrespective of the staining technique. The shade and surface roughness of the EP groups were significantly statistically affected by toothbrushing time; only shade changes were found to depend on technique
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