Computational modeling of the mechanical modulation of the growth plate by sustained loading

This paper presents a computational model that describes the growth of the bone as a function of the proliferation and hypertrophy of chondrocytes in the growth plate. We have included the effects of the mechanical loads on the sizes of the proliferative and hypertrophic areas, the number of proliferative chondrocytes and the final size of the hypertrophic chondrocytes. The validation of the model was performed with experimental data published on other investigations about proximal tibia of rats, subjected to sustained axial stresses of 0.1 MPa, 0.0 MPa, -0.1 MPa and −0.2 MPa. Growth was simulated during 23 days, obtaining numerical errors between 2.77% and 3.73% with respect to experimental growth rates. The results obtained show that the model adequately simulates the behavior of the growth plate and the effect of mechanical loads over its cellular activity

Geometric and mechanical properties evaluation of scaffolds for bone tissue applications designing by a reaction-diffusion models and manufactured with a material jetting system

AbstractScaffolds are essential in bone tissue engineering, as they provide support to cells and growth factors necessary to regenerate tissue. In addition, they meet the mechanical function of the bone while it regenerates. Currently, the multiple methods for designing and manufacturing scaffolds are based on regular structures from a unit cell that repeats in a given domain. However, these methods do not resemble the actual structure of the trabecular bone which may work against osseous tissue regeneration. To explore the design of porous structures with similar mechanical properties to native bone, a geometric generation scheme from a reaction-diffusion model and its manufacturing via a material jetting system is proposed. This article presents the methodology used, the geometric characteristics and the modulus of elasticity of the scaffolds designed and manufactured. The method proposed shows its potential to generate structures that allow to control the basic scaffold properties for bone tissue engineering such as the width of the channels and porosity. The mechanical properties of our scaffolds are similar to trabecular tissue present in vertebrae and tibia bones. Tests on the manufactured scaffolds show that it is necessary to consider the orientation of the object relative to the printing system because the channel geometry, mechanical properties and roughness are heavily influenced by the position of the surface analyzed with respect to the printing axis. A possible line for future work may be the establishment of a set of guidelines to consider the effects of manufacturing processes in designing stages

A biochemical hypothesis on the formation of fingerprints using a turing patterns approach

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Fingerprints represent a particular characteristic for each individual. Characteristic patterns are also formed on the palms of the hands and soles of the feet. Their origin and development is still unknown but it is believed to have a strong genetic component, although it is not the only thing determining its formation. Each fingerprint is a papillary drawing composed by papillae and rete ridges (crests). This paper proposes a phenomenological model describing fingerprint pattern formation using reaction diffusion equations with Turing space parameters.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Several numerical examples were solved regarding simplified finger geometries to study pattern formation. The finite element method was used for numerical solution, in conjunction with the Newton-Raphson method to approximate nonlinear partial differential equations.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>The numerical examples showed that the model could represent the formation of different types of fingerprint characteristics in each individual.</p

4to. Congreso Internacional de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación para la Sociedad. Memoria académica

Este volumen acoge la memoria académica de la Cuarta edición del Congreso Internacional de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación para la Sociedad, CITIS 2017, desarrollado entre el 29 de noviembre y el 1 de diciembre de 2017 y organizado por la Universidad Politécnica Salesiana (UPS) en su sede de Guayaquil. El Congreso ofreció un espacio para la presentación, difusión e intercambio de importantes investigaciones nacionales e internacionales ante la comunidad universitaria que se dio cita en el encuentro. El uso de herramientas tecnológicas para la gestión de los trabajos de investigación como la plataforma Open Conference Systems y la web de presentación del Congreso http://citis.blog.ups.edu.ec/, hicieron de CITIS 2017 un verdadero referente entre los congresos que se desarrollaron en el país. La preocupación de nuestra Universidad, de presentar espacios que ayuden a generar nuevos y mejores cambios en la dimensión humana y social de nuestro entorno, hace que se persiga en cada edición del evento la presentación de trabajos con calidad creciente en cuanto a su producción científica. Quienes estuvimos al frente de la organización, dejamos plasmado en estas memorias académicas el intenso y prolífico trabajo de los días de realización del Congreso Internacional de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación para la Sociedad al alcance de todos y todas

Estudio analítico y experimental de las propiedades del tejido óseo ante cargas de maquinado (torneado) Analytical and experimental study of the properties of the bone tissue before machining loads (turning lathe)

Se presentan los resultados obtenidos en el estudio de maquinabilidad del hueso humano, específicamente del proceso de torneado, con el fin de obtener datos de manufacturabilidad y maquinabilidad del hueso. En este artículo se expone de forma detallada la metodología de los experimentos realizados, así como la selección de los instrumentos de medida empleados para la obtención de información confiable en el proceso de maquinado, útil para fundamentar el diseño y construcción de nuevos implantes, accesibles al público en general y producidos por empresas de gran escalaThe results obtained in the study of bone machinability, specifically the turning lathe process, are presented in order to collect data on bone manufacturability and machinability. This article showed in a detailed way, the methodology of the experiments carried out, as well as the selection of the measurenent instruments used to obtain reliable information on the bone machining process, which is useful to found the design and construction of new implants, accessible to the public in general and produced by enterprises at large scal

Design, Materials, and Mechanobiology of Biodegradable Scaffolds for Bone Tissue Engineering

A review about design, manufacture, and mechanobiology of biodegradable scaffolds for bone tissue engineering is given. First, fundamental aspects about bone tissue engineering and considerations related to scaffold design are established. Second, issues related to scaffold biomaterials and manufacturing processes are discussed. Finally, mechanobiology of bone tissue and computational models developed for simulating how bone healing occurs inside a scaffold are described

Algoritmos Genéticos aplicados a la Ingeniería biomédica Genetic algorithms applied to Biomedical Engineering

En este trabajo se describe las aplicaciones y alcances del método de los algoritmos genéticos (AG) en la investigación en bioingeniería, mecanobiología y medicina. Para este fin, se ha desarrollado el trabajo sobre tres artículos recientes que describen las aplicaciones de los AG en problemas de ingeniería biomédica. Este trabajo pone de manifiesto la importancia del uso de nuevas metodologías de optimización en las investigaciones biomédicas.In present paper are described the applications and scope of the genetic algorithms method (GA) in the case of the research in the bioengineering, mechanobiology and medicine. For this aim, the paper on three recent articles was developed describing the applications of the GA in problems related to biomedical engineering. Present paper emphasizes the significance of the use of new methodologies of optimization in the biomedical researches

Una introducción a la mecanobiología computacional An introduction to computation mechanobiology

La mecanobiología estudia el comportamiento de células, tejidos y órganos bajo los efectos de la bioquímica, la biología celular y los estímulos externos, como las cargas mecánicas. Esta involucra el desarrollo de modelos y la realización de experimentos con el objetivo de entender los procesos complejos que se presentan en la génesis y mantenimiento de órganos y tejidos. Mediante esta disciplina se ha logrado aislar y analizar diversos efectos como lo son la genética, los factores moleculares autocrinos y paracrinos, y las cargas mecánicas sobre tejidos y órganos. En esta vía, el presente trabajo muestra los principales desarrollos y aportes de la mecanobiología computacional en el conocimiento médico.The mechanobiology study the behavior of cells, tissues and organs under the effects of the biochemistry, the cellular biology and the external stimuli, as mechanic loads. This involve the development of forms and the carrying out of experiments to know the complex processes presenting in the genesis and the maintenance or organs and tissues. Through this discipline it has been possible to isolate different effects as in the case of genetics, the autocrine and paracrine molecular factors and the mechanic loads on tissues and organs. The objective of present paper is to show the main developments and contributions of computation mechanobiology in the medical knowledge

A theoretical model of dentinogenesis: dentin and dentinal tubule formation

Dentinogenesis, odontoblast dentin formation, includes dentinal growth, mineralization and dentinal tubule formation. Odontoblasts synthesize collagen resulting in collagen apposition contributing to dentinogenesis. Furthermore, within the tubule, they express non-collagenous proteins, such as dentin phosphoprotein (DPP), associated with hydroxyapatite crystal formation and growth. The aim of this work was to determine patterns of growth and dentin formation and quantification of its mineralization. Findings from our work are relevant to endodontics for future regenerative treatment. We formulated a 3D domain mathematical model, which recreates the events that lead to dentinal tubule mineralization. As reference we used collagen apposition and DPP activity. We obtained a model depicting predentin's mineralization distribution during dentin development. Furthermore, we verified different DPP diffusion coefficients to test the model's sensitivity. We present a model to shed light on the process of dentin and dentinal tubule formation, and its relation to diffusion and mineralization processes