Introduction

In this introduction, H. Gary Knight reflects on the coverage of the seabed question by the nine previous issues of the San Diego Law Review\u27s Law of the Sea series. The introduction then introduces the two articles in this issue that pertain to the seabed question, as well the other two lead articles that deal with fisheries and pollution

The Draft United Nations Conventions on the International Seabed Area: Background, Description, and Some Preliminary Thoughts

This Article covers relevant aspects of marine geology and marine resources law, a short history of seabed questions, the Draft Convention, and Nixon\u27s statements in 1970. Part III of the articles summarizes provisions of the Draft Commission and makes some comments

Foreword: Law of the Sea Negotiations 1971-1972

This issue contains timely and relevant articles on each of these important subjects - three articles relating to the seabed question, two on fisheries management problems, and one on pollution. In addition to the student contributions in the synopsis of recent developments in the law of the seas, student comments are also directed to three significant aspects of law of the sea issues, viz., the interests of land-locked states, the question of baselines for outlying archipelagos, and marine archaeology

The Deep Seabed Hard Mineral Resources Act-A Negative View

In opposition to Professor Laylin, this Article questions whether the United States should take unilateral action or attempt to secure an international agreement during the Third United Nations Conference. This Article contends that the Deep Seabed Hard Mineral Resources Act is inconsistent with the United States\u27 present ocean policy, will have an adverse effect on current law of the sea negotiations, and contravenes international expectations as evidenced by the resolutions of the United Nations\u27 General Assembly. Because the Deep Seabed Hard Mineral Resources Act does not adequately serve the U.S.\u27s resource management interests, this Article concludes that an international approach should be taken towards the mining of deep seabed resources

Institutional work at field-configuring events:shaping industry change within sustainable transitions

Adopting an institutional approach from organization studies, this paper explores the role of key actors on “purposeful governance for sustainability” (Smith, Voss et al. 2010: 444) through the case of smart metering in the UK. Institutions are enduring patterns in social life, reflected in identities, routines, rules, shared meanings and social relations, which enable, and constrain, the beliefs and behaviours of individual and collective actors within a field (Thornton and Ocasio 2008). Large-scale external initiatives designed to drive regime-level change prompt ‘institutional entrepreneurs’ to perform ‘institutional work’ – “purposive action aimed at creating, maintaining and disrupting institutions” (Lawrence and Suddaby, 2006). Organization scholars are giving increasing attention to ‘field-configuring events’ (FCEs) which provide social spaces for diverse organizational actors to come together to collectively shape socio-technical pathways (Lampel and Meyer 2008). Our starting point for this exploratory study is that FCEs can offer important insights to the dynamics, politics and governance of sustainability transitions. Methodologically, FCEs allow us to observe and “link field evolution at the macro-level with individual action at the micro-level” (Lampel and Meyer, 2008: 1025). We examine the work of actors during a series of smart metering industry forums over a three-year period (industry presentations [n= 77] and panel discussions [n= 16]). The findings reveal new insights about how institutional change unfolds, alongside technological transitions, in ways that are partial and aligned with the interests of powerful incumbents whose voices are frequently heard at FCEs. The paper offers three contributions. First, the study responds to calls for more research examining FCEs and the role they play in transforming institutional fields. Second, the emergent findings extend research on institutional work by advancing our understanding of a specific site of institutional work, namely a face-to-face inter-organizational arena. Finally, in line with the research agenda for innovation studies and sustainability transitions elaborated by Smith et al (2010), the paper illustrates how actors in a social system respond to, translate, and enact interventions designed to promote industrial transformation, ultimately shaping the sustainability transition pathway

International services marketing : an integrative assessment of the literature 国际化服务行业市场营销 : 综合文献分析

We are tremendously grateful to Professor S. Tamer Cavusgil for his valuable support and guidance. We cordially thank the Editor Professor Levent Altinay and three anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments and feedback. We also thank Christian Sturmaier for providing assistance.Peer reviewedPublisher PD

From local project to open source: a brief history of the Loughborough Online Reading List System (LORLS)

Following a proposal at Loughborough University that "reading lists should be made available online" the university library undertook responsibility to design and develop a system to achieve this aim. Using open source tools the rapid development of a reading list management system soon followed, and by Autumn 2000 the solution had been successfully implemented at the university. The system is now available to other institutions as open source software