Baseline Characteristics of the Framingham Offspring Birth History Study Participants.

<p>N (%), is a total number and proportion of non-missing data for each characteristic. All characteristics are described as mean +/- SD or as numbers and proportions of participants within categories of the characteristic, n (%). Age, age at menopause, weight, height, use of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) are those at the entrance into the study.</p

Association between size at birth and maternal serum estriol to alpha-fetoprotein ratio (E3/AFP) and pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A (PAPP-A) concentrations.

<p>Maternal serum concentrations of PAPP-A and ratio of E3/AFP (mean +/- SD of log ₁₀ multiples of the median, MOM or of log ₁₀ of ratio of MOMs, respectively) plotted against deciles of birth weight (A) or growth potential (B) at birth predicted from fractional polynomial regression analysis. Regression equations: log E3/AFP  =  −.0046098 + .0889807(gp⁰.⁵ −.6792581776); log PAPP-A  =  .0245553 + .1220838(gp⁰.⁵–.6792581776); P<0.0001 for both. (gp  =  growth potential) log E3/AFP  =  −.0090871+ .0000268(bw-3365.677323); log PAPP-A  =  .0160142 + .0084278((bw/1000)²-11.32778384); P<0.0001 for both. (bw  =  birth weight) Adjustment for maternal age, height, weight, race/ethnicity, parity, education, marital status, alcohol drinking and smoking status and conception assisted by reproductive technologies did not have a material effect on coefficients for birth weight or growth potential. Dashed line denotes median PAPP-A concentration or E3/AFP ratio of 1.</p

Risk of Breast Cancer in Relation to Infants’ and Mothers’ Birth Weights.

*<p>Presented are three associations between the risk of breast cancer and the birth weights (top quintile vs. lower quintiles) of: the infant¹, the mother² and both³ birth weights.</p>**<p>Hazard ratios were adjusted for propensity score accounting for: age, age at menarche, age at the birth of the first child, age at menopause, maternal history of breast cancer, parity, body-mass index, race/ethnicity, diabetes and use of hormone replacement therapy. All covariates were measured or reported at the entry into the study. The adjusted analyses were carried out on data with missing covariates values for mother’s own birth weight and propensity score imputed using multiple imputation.</p><p>The analyses of proportional hazard assumption were performed for all comparisons presented in subsets of subjects without missing data. All proportional hazard assumption tests showed no evidence of a significant non-proportional hazard (p>0.05, for all).</p

Baseline Characteristics of the FASTER trial Participants.

<p>All characteristics are described as mean +/− SD or as numbers and proportions of participants within categories of the characteristic, n (%). The mother’s age is the age at the time of delivery, and the weight, height, smoking status and alcohol use are those documented at her enrollment into the study in the first trimester of pregnancy.</p><p>ART, assisted reproduction technologies is conception assisted with ovulation induction.</p><p>Gestational age, is gestational age at delivery in days based on first trimester ultrasound dating.</p

Kaplan–Meier Curves of the Cumulative Probability of Breast Cancer According to Infant Birth Weight Quintile.

<p>Kaplan–Meier Curves of the Cumulative Probability of Breast Cancer According to Infant Birth Weight Quintile.</p