The sample selection process.

<p>The sample selection process.</p

Metabolites differing between control and GDM groups at 2-y follow-up (<i>p</i>&lt;0.05).

<p>Metabolites have been classified according to their molecular structures or known metabolic functions/pathway participation. Within each class the data have been separated in to those with higher and lower ratios and are then presented in order from lowest to highest <i>p</i> value. The molecular weights, calculated as the monoisotopic mass, are included. Ratios with 95% confidence intervals in parentheses are shown. CE cholesteryl ester; DG, diglyceride; PC, phosphatidylcholine; PE, phosphatidylethanolamine; PG, phosphatidylglycine; PGF, prostaglandin; PI, phosphatidylinositol; PS, phosphatidylserine; The values in parentheses (for example PC(34∶0)) relate to the total fatty acid carbon chain length and number of carbon double bonds (unsaturation) in each metabolite. *Identification by matching of retention time and accurate mass to authentic chemical standard.</p><p>Metabolites differing between control and GDM groups at 2-y follow-up (<i>p</i>&lt;0.05).</p

Phospholipids that differed significantly between control and UQ groups at 2-y follow-up (<i>p</i>&lt;0.05).

<p>*Identification by matching of retention time and accurate mass to authentic chemical standard.</p

Long chain fatty acids that differed significantly between control and UQ groups at 2-y follow-up (<i>p</i>&lt;0.05).

<p>PC, phosphatidylcholine; PE, phosphatidylethanolamine; PG, glycerophosphoglycerol; PS, phosphatidylserine.</p

Clinical data for participants during pregnancy and at follow-up in the three study groups.

<p><i>p</i> values calculated applying ANOVA or **Chi-squared tests. #Data are geometric mean and 95% confidence intervals</p><p>Clinical data for participants during pregnancy and at follow-up in the three study groups.</p

Metabolites differing between UQ and GDM groups at 2-y follow-up (<i>p</i>&lt;0.05).

<p>Metabolites have been classified according to their molecular structures or known metabolic functions/pathway participation. Within each class, data have been separated in to those with higher and lower ratios and are then presented in order from lowest to highest <i>p</i> value. The molecular weights, calculated as the monoisotopic mass, are included. Ratios with 95% confidence intervals in parentheses are shown. CE Cholesteryl ester; CEHC, 2,5,7,8-tetramethyl-2-(2'-carboxyethyl)-6-hydroxychroman; DG, diglyceride; HEPE, hydroxy-eicosapentaenoic acid; PC, phosphatidylcholine; PG, phosphatidylglycine; The values in parentheses (for example PC(34∶0)) relate to the total fatty acid carbon chain length and number of carbon double bonds (unsaturation) in each metabolite. *Identification by matching of retention time and accurate mass to authentic chemical standard.</p><p>Metabolites differing between UQ and GDM groups at 2-y follow-up (<i>p</i>&lt;0.05).</p

Mammary tumor cells derived from adiponectin haplodeficient mice were more aggressive.

<p>Primary mammary tumor cells were isolated from FVB/N PyVT mice with normal [<i>PyVT(+/−)/ADN(+/+)</i>] or reduced [<i>PyVT(+/−)/ADN(+/−)</i>] adiponectin expressions, and implanted into nude mice for assessing their tumor development <i>in vivo</i> (A and B), or subjected to culture and [³H]-thymidine incorporation assays for evaluating their proliferations <i>in vitro</i> (C and D). The comparison between <i>PyVT(+/−)/ADN(+/+)</i> and <i>PyVT(+/−)/ADN(+/−)</i> groups were performed for tumor cells derived from both female (A and C) and male (B and D) mice. Tumor <i>g</i>rowth was presented as the fold changes of tumor volume against the first measurement at day 4 (A and B). DNA synthesis was monitored in 0.5% and 10% FBS culture conditions at 24 and 48 hrs after seeding (C and D). CPM, counts per minute. *, P<0.05 and **, P<0.01 vs corresponding groups (n = 13–18).</p

Accelerated mammary tumor development in adiponectin haplodeficient MMTV-PyVT mice.

<p>Tumor growth in <i>PyVT(+/−)/ADN(+/+)</i> and <i>PyVT(+/−)/ADN(+/−)</i> mice were monitored starting from 6 and 11 wks, up to 14 and 28 wks for female (left panel) and male (right panel) mice respectively. Tumor sizes were measured using vernier calipers and tumor volume calculated as described in <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0004968#s4" target="_blank">Methods</a>. Each group contained 13–20 mice, and the mean tumor volume ±SD was presented.</p

Serum adiponectin distributions in wildtype and PyVT mice.

<p>The serum adiponectin concentrations were measured by an in-house sandwich ELISA assay using blood samples collected from the tail vein of FVB/N and C57BL/6J mice. The median and mean values were calculated and displayed in the table.</p

List of primers used for real time quantitative PCR analysis.

<p>List of primers used for real time quantitative PCR analysis.</p