DNA damage induced by cis- and carboplatin as indicator for in vitro sensitivity of ovarian carcinoma cells

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The DNA damage by platinum cytostatics is thought to be the main cause of their cytotoxicity. Therefore the measurement of the DNA damage induced by cis- and carboplatin should reflect the sensitivity of cancer cells toward the platinum chemotherapeutics.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>DNA damage induced by cis- and carboplatin in primary cells of ovarian carcinomas was determined by the alkaline comet assay. In parallel, the reduction of cell viability was measured by the fluorescein diacetate (FDA) hydrolysis assay.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>While in the comet assay the isolated cells showed a high degree of DNA damage after a 24 h treatment, cell viability revealed no cytotoxicity after that incubation time. The individual sensitivities to DNA damage of 12 tumour biopsies differed up to a factor of about 3. DNA damage after a one day treatment with cis- or carboplatin correlated well with the cytotoxic effects after a 7 day treatment (r = 0,942 for cisplatin r = 0.971 for carboplatin). In contrast to the platinum compounds the correlation of DNA damage and cytotoxicity induced by adriamycin was low (r = 0,692), or did not exist for gemcitabine.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>The measurement of DNA damage induced by cis- and carboplatin is an accurate method to determine the in vitro chemosensitivity of ovarian cancer cells towards these cytostatics, because of its quickness, sensitivity, and low cell number needed.</p

Perioperative Lungenfunktionsparameter und Schmerzanalyse nach unterschiedlichen Hysterektomie-Methoden

keine AngabenBackground: The conventional methods of removal of the uterus vaginal and abdominal hysterectomy. A new addition during the last couple of years in the laparoscopically assisted vaginal hysterectomy (LAVH). In our prospective trial we surveyed four groups each including twenty patients undergoing four different surgical techniques and compared them regarding perioperative respiratory function, pain analysis and patient records. Methods: Group I: laparoscopic assisted vaginal hysterectomy with CO2-insufflation (LAVH CO2) Group II: laparoscopic assisted vaginal hysterectomy gasless (LAVH gasless) Group III: vaginal hysterectomy (vag. HE) Group IV: abdominal hysterectomy (abd. HE) The perioperative respiratory function was evaluated with spirometry and impulsoscillometric measurement. The subjective pain level was assessed using a 100 mm visualanalogscore (VAS), the objective reviewing the amount of painkillers and patient controlled intravenaous application (PCAS). The records were analysed with conventional methods. Results: 1. Abd. hysterectomies influence the postoperative respiratoric function more than vag. Hysterectomies or LAVH's. 2. There is no difference regarding postoperative changes while comparing gasless and CO2-LAVH. 3. Postoperative pain is significantly higher after LAVH's than vag. HE. 4. Postoperative paine is worst after abd. HE compared with all other surgical methods. Conclusions: 1. The traumatisation of the area operated on is significant regarding the pathogenesis of postoperative pulmonal function and pain level. 2. There is no difference regarding postoperative changes of lung function regarding gassless and CO2-LAVH. 3. Spirometry mainly depends on the quality of instructions and the compliance of the patient. Therefore it is not as accurate to evaluate the postoperative respiratory function in comparison with impulsoscilometry. 4. This trial assessed only the postoperative respiratory function of patients without lung problems. Therefore it would be worthwile to do further research of the postoperative respiratory function of patients with lung problems

LASH in Severely Enlarged Uterine Leiomyoma: Removal of a Uterus of 4065 g

Today, even though minimally invasive approaches have become standard worldwide, large uteri are still mainly removed by means of open abdominal approaches. The present case describes the successful removal of the largest uterus ever reported (4065 g) by means of laparoscopy-assisted supracervical hysterectomy (LASH). We combined LASH with the changeover technique which allows a better access and view. We further explain how this approach allows for the safe minimally invasive removal of uteri of any size

Prophylactic Salpingectomy during Hysterectomy for Benign Disease: A Prospective Study to Evaluate High-Grade Serous Ovarian Carcinoma Precursors

Recent findings suggest that high-grade serous ovarian cancer can originate in the fallopian tube. Not only has that made the identification of precursor lesions pivotal in early detection and prevention of these cancers, prophylactic salpingectomy alongside hysterectomy for benign indications has been increasingly proposed as well. The present prospective single-center study included 273 women who underwent opportunistic salpingectomy alongside laparoscopic supracervical hysterectomy. Uterine and tubal histopathological results as well as intra- and postoperative complications were evaluated. The complication rate was 3.3%, of which none were caused by salpingectomy. Uterine histopathology diagnosed 181 patients (66.8%) with uterine myomas, 60 patients (22.1%) with adenomyosis, 29 patients (10.7%) with adenomyomatosis, and, 1 patient (0.4%) without pathological abnormality. p53 signatures were detected in 221 right fallopian tubes (80.9%) and in 229 left tubes (83.9%). In total, 8 patients showed bilateral STIL (2.9%), whereas in 1 patient (0.4%) STIL was detected in the left tube only. No STIC were detected. Laparoscopic opportunistic salpingectomy is demonstrated to be both safe and feasible. It appears to be promising to reduce the risk for ovarian cancer, yet more studies are needed to undoubtedly confirm this