Beyond rural urban: keeping up with changing realities

"Policies built on presumptions of separateness or on traditional notions of urban and rural livelihoods diminish the possibilities for economic growth and poverty reduction. More effective policies will take the diversity of livelihoods along the continuum into account and also appreciate the differences among urban and rural areas and the links between them. Focusing on the connections between urban and rural areas can help to reframe our understanding of development in these areas. We can see that rural and urban lives and livelihood strategies span rural and urban geographies in integrated and interdependent ways.With better understanding of the current reality of urban and rural areas and the connections between them, policies will better reflect the ways people actually live. Policies will take into account the different livelihood strategies, links, and localities that exist across “urban” and “rural.” And they will be able to promote synergies—such as market exchange—that benefit all, no matter where they live." from Textrural livelihoods, urban livelihoods, economic growth, Poverty reduction, Urban-rural linkages, Markets,

A 2020 vision for food, agriculture, and the environment in Latin America.:

This is a thoughtful statement representing a genuine Latin American perspective of the goals and strategies relating to food, agriculture, and the environment as we head toward the year 2020. This document represents a synthesis of documents prepared by three working groups participating in a workshop on Latin America, jointly sponsored by IFPRI, the Centro Internacional de Agricultura Tropical (CIAT) and the Instituto Interamericano de Cooperación para la Agricultura (IICA), in Cali, Colombia, March 20–22, 1995.Food security Latin America., Agricultural development Latin America., Agriculture Environmental aspects Latin America.,

Experimentalist Equal Protection

Elsewhere Garrett and Liebman have recounted that though James Madison is considered the Father of the Constitution, his progeny disappointed him because it was defenseless against self-government\u27s mortal disease -the oppression of minorities by local majorities-because the Framers rejected the radical structural approach to equal protection that Madison proposed. Nor did the framers of the Fourteenth Amendment\u27s Equal Protection Clause and federal courts enforcing it adopt a solution Madison would have considered effectual. This Article explores recent subconstitutional innovations in governance and public administration that may finally bring the nation within reach of the constitutional polity Madison envisioned To explain how Madisonian governance mechanisms can solve the problem of equal protection, the authors turn to the thinking of another homegrown practical philosopher who was ahead of his time, John Dewey. Dewey sets out what he calls an experimentalist problem-solving method for curing the equal protection ills Madison diagnosed In two core civil rights contexts, public school reform and workplace discrimination, solutions both Madisonian and Deweyan already point the way to an experimentalist equal protection regime that remains well within our reach. Such experimentalism may not only open our rigid, tepidly enforced equal protection doctrine to an evolving, problem-solving approach, but in the process transform democratic institutions and community

Rapid assessments in urban areas

The diversity of urban areas presents substantial challenges to the validity of information from rapid assessments, yet CARE's experiences in Bangladesh and Tanzania suggest a number of ways that rapid assessment procedures can be strengthened to address these concerns.Urban poor ,Bangladesh ,Tanzania ,

COSPAS-SARSAT Satellite Orbit Predictor. Volume 3

The satellite orbit predictor is a graphical aid for determining the relationship between the satellite (SARSAT or COSPAS) orbit, antenna coverage of the spacecraft and coverage of the LUTs. The predictor allows the user to quickly visualize if a selected position will probably be detected and is composed of a base map and a satellite track overlay for each satellite. Additionally, a table of equator crossings for each satellite is included

Rapid assessments in urban areas

The diversity of urban areas presents substantial challenges to the validity of information from rapid assessments, yet CARE's experiences in Bangladesh and Tanzania suggest a number of ways that rapid assessment procedures can be strengthened to address these concerns.Urban poor ,Bangladesh ,Tanzania ,

Stunted child - overweight mother pairs

health ,Nutritionally induced diseases ,Children Growth ,

Are determinants of rural and urban food security and nutritional status different?

Undernutrition of children 0-60 months old in Mozambique is much higher in rural than in urban areas. Food security is about the same, although substantial regional differences exist. Given these outcomes, we hypothesized that the determinants of food security and nutritional status in rural and urban areas of Mozambique would differ as well. Yet we find that the determinants of food insecurity and malnutrition, and the magnitudes of their effects, are very nearly the same. The difference in observed outcomes appears primarily due to differences in the levels of critical determinants rather than in the nature of the determinants themselves.Malnutrition. ,Nutritional status. ,Rural conditions Analysis. ,Urban poor Mozambique. ,Rural poor Mozambique. ,Food security. ,

Satellite orbit predictor

An analog aid to determine satellite coverage of Emergency Locator Transmitters Emergency Position Indicating Radio Beacon (ELT/EPIRB) distress incidence is discussed. The satellite orbit predictor is a graphical aid for determining the relationship between the satellite orbit, antenna coverage of the spacecraft and coverage of the Local User Terminal. The predictor allows the user to quickly visualize if a selected position will probably be detected and is composed of a base map and a satellite track overlay for each satellite.A table of equator crossings for each satellite is included

Stunted child - overweight mother pairs

"This paper explores the global prevalence of an emerging phenomenon: the coexistence of a stunted child and an overweight mother in the same household. It also tests whether this phenomenon is associated with a country's level of economic development and urbanization. Policy directions for public nutrition are highlighted. Data from 36 Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) were used (23 in Africa, 8 in Latin America, and 5 in Asia). Stunting was defined as height-for-age 25 kg/m 2 . World Bank and United Nations figures were used for GNP per capita (our indicator of economic development) and for level of urbanization, respectively. Descriptive statistics were derived, and regression analysis was used to model the association between economic development, urbanization, and the prevalence of stunted children and overweight women (SCOWT). The prevalence of SCOWT is generally below 10 percent, except in four countries, of which three are in Latin America. Among our sample of countries, SCOWT is generally more prevalent in Latin America than in Africa, and is below 5 percent in all five Asian countries. Contrary to our expectations, SCOWT is not necessarily more prevalent in urban than rural areas. In fact, when economic development is controlled for, SCOWT is associated with urbanization only in Latin America. In Africa and Asia, SCOWT is associated with economic development, but not urbanization, which suggests that SCOWT may emerge only at levels of economic development and urbanization higher than currently seen in most of the Asian and African countries studied...." from Authors' Abstracthealth ,Nutritionally induced diseases ,Children Growth ,