Areas of Gender Difference in Fractional Anisotropy.

<p>Red areas represent higher FA in women; Blue areas represent higher FA in men. Numbers Refer to the MNI Z-coordinate of the image below. The Left side of the brain is depicted on the Right side of the images.</p

Subject demographics.

<p>SD: standard deviation.</p

Areas of FA difference.

<p>X, Y, Z-coordinates refer to the centre of mass of the cluster. SLF: superior longitudinal fasciculus.</p

Cortical regions displaying thinning of the cortex and increased surface area in PSP.

<p>X;Y;Z in Talairach coordinates. All results presented at the corrected threshold (p <0.05).</p><p>MSA  =  Multiple Systems Atrophy; PSP  =  Progressive Supranuclear Palsy; PD  =  Parkinson's Disease.</p><p>Cortical regions displaying thinning of the cortex and increased surface area in PSP.</p

Cortical areas showing significant thinning in PSP patients compared to a) healthy controls, b) Parkinson's disease and c) Multiple System Atrophy; displayed on QDEC's semi-inflated cortical surfaces.

<p>Top row: L lateral and L medial, Second row: R lateral and R medial, Third row: anterior and posterior, Bottom row: superior and inferior views. The colour bar indicates the significance levels of the clusters. Results were obtained using Monte Carlo simulation, with a threshold of p <0.05, to provide cluster-wise correction for multiple comparisons.</p

Cortical areas showing significantly increased surface area in PSP patients compared to Multiple System Atrophy; displayed on QDEC's semi-inflated cortical surfaces.

<p>Top row: L lateral and L medial, Second row: R lateral and R medial, Third row: anterior and posterior, Bottom row: superior and inferior views. The colour bar indicates the significance levels of the clusters. Results were obtained using Monte Carlo simulation, with a threshold of p <0.05, to provide cluster-wise correction for multiple comparisons.</p

Sensitivity (Sens) and predictive value (PV) for each class within each diagnostic classifier based on the subcortical motor network features (classifiers I–IV in panels A-D respectively).

<p>Bars denote the chance levels determined by the proportion of samples in the training set. * = p < 0.01, # = p < 0.05 + = p < 0.1.</p

Example confusion matrix for an m-class classification problem.

<p>C_i,j denotes the number of predictions in row i, column j. The sensitivity and predictive value measure the performance of each class. The accuracy and overall predictive value are constructed by averaging the sensitivity and predictive value over all classes. Note that the accuracy and overall predictive value are balanced in that they avoid potential bias arising from variable numbers of samples in each class.</p

Sensitivity (Sens) and predictive value (PV) for each region in the subcortical motor network for the four-class classifier contrasting PSP, IPD, HC and MSA (Classifier II).

<p>A: cerebellum; B: brainstem; C: caudate; D: putamen; E: pallidum; F: accumbens. Bars denote the chance levels determined by the proportion of samples in the training set. * = p < 0.01, # = p < 0.05 + = p < 0.1.</p

Demographic details, cognitive function and neuroimaging measures for VPT and Term groups.

<p>Demographic details, cognitive function and neuroimaging measures for very-preterm born and Term-born groups. Global neuropsychological scores are the sum of domain-specific <i>Z</i> scores for executive functioning and memory in the very-preterm born group. Mean and standard deviation of the Term-born group was the reference category.(Abbreviations: CVLT: California Verbal Learning Test ; HSCT: Hayling Sentence Completion Test; NA: Not assessed; NP: Neuropsychometry; Term: term born individuals; VPT: very-preterm born individuals; Wechsler Memory Scale; neonatal pH determined from cord blood at time of birth).</p