IoT protocols, architectures, and applications

The proliferation of embedded systems, wireless technologies, and Internet protocols have made it possible for the Internet-of-things (IoT) to bridge the gap between the physical and the virtual world and thereby enabling monitoring and control of the physical environment by data processing systems. IoT refers to the inter-networking of everyday objects that are equipped with sensing, computing, and communication capabilities. These networks can collaborate to autonomously solve a variety of tasks. Due to the very diverse set of applications and application requirements, there is no single communication technology that is able to provide cost-effective and close to optimal performance in all scenarios. In this chapter, we report on research carried out on a selected number of IoT topics: low-power wide-area networks, in particular, LoRa and narrow-band IoT (NB-IoT); IP version 6 over IEEE 802.15.4 time-slotted channel hopping (6TiSCH); vehicular antenna design, integration, and processing; security aspects for vehicular networks; energy efficiency and harvesting for IoT systems; and software-defined networking/network functions virtualization for (SDN/NFV) IoT

Experimental Characterization of Joint Scheduling and Routing Algorithm over 6TiSCH

Recently, the Time-Slotted Channel Hopping (TSCH) mode was introduced as an amendment to the Medium Access Control (MAC) part of the IEEE 802.15.4 standard. TSCH is the emerging standard for industrial automation and process control for Low-power and Lossy Networks (LLNs) that uses time synchronization to achieve low-power operation and channel hopping to enable high reliability. Particularly, the 6TiSCH (IPv6 over the TSCH mode of IEEE 802.15.4e) mechanisms are crucial for the further adoption of IPv6 in industrial standards. However, the 6TiSCH standard does not define or propose a particular scheduling and routing algorithms, whose definition is left to the designers. Therefore, in order to evaluate 6TiSCH performance, we have adopted one particular centralized scheduling policy based on graph coloring technique, named Joint Scheduling and Routing Algorithm (JSRA) and applied within the OpenWSN 6TiSCH protocol stack. For experimentations, we used the OpenMote hardware and OpenWSN software platform for IoT applications. This paper presents the integration of JSRA with OpenWSN 6TiSCH protocol stack, where performances in terms of packet delivery rate and throughput are evaluated for 6TiSCH protocol, Benchmark and JSRA algorithm

On the performance of 6LoWPAN through experimentation

The Internet of Things (IoT) research activities are oriented towards the standardisation of communication protocols and platforms for globally interconnected smart objects. 6LoWPAN is a standardised protocol stack aiming at providing the seamless interconnection between IPv6 Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) and Internet, while maintaining low-power consumption. In this paper, we present and investigate the performance of 6LoWPAN, being one of the most promising solutions for the implementation of IoT paradigm. The evaluation is performed through experimentation on the \u201cEuropean Laboratory of Wireless Communications for the Future Internet\u201d (EuWIn) facilities developed within the Network of Excellence, NEWCOM#, at the University of Bologna. We report results in terms of average round-trip-time, packet loss rate and throughput for different payload sizes and number of hops, both for unicast and multicast traffics

Testing Protocols for the Internet of Things on the EuWIn Platform

Several approaches have been considered by research community as possible enablers for the Internet of Things (IoT) implementation. This paper presents the results obtained by testing and comparing three different solutions. In particular, we compare a centralized solution based on software defined network (SDN), called software defined wireless networking (SDWN), with two standard and distributed solutions, that are ZigBee and IPv6 over low-power wireless personal area networks (6LoWPAN). SDWN uses a centralized network layer protocol, where routing policies are defined by an external controller that can be positioned anywhere in the network. The other two solutions are actually the most common protocol stacks for wireless sensor networks, and they both use a distributed routing protocol. The comparison is achieved by experimentations performed on the European Laboratory of Wireless Communications for the Future Internet (EuWIn) platform developed within the network of excellence, NEWCOM#. Results show that SDWN is the best solution in static or quasi-static environments, while the performance degrades in highly dynamic conditions. However, ZigBee has a good reactivity to environmental changes. This paper reports the evaluation of several performance metrics, including packet loss rate, round-trip-time, and overhead generated in the network, under different conditions and considering different kinds of traffic