772 research outputs found
Detection of Multiple Variants of Grapevine Fanleaf Virus in Single Xiphinema index Nematodes
Grapevine fanleaf virus (GFLV) is responsible for a widespread disease in vineyards
worldwide. Its genome is composed of two single-stranded positive-sense RNAs, which both show
a high genetic diversity. The virus is transmitted from grapevine to grapevine by the ectoparasitic
nematode Xiphinema index. Grapevines in diseased vineyards are often infected by multiple genetic
variants of GFLV but no information is available on the molecular composition of virus variants
retained in X. index following nematodes feeding on roots. In this work, aviruliferous X. index were
fed on three naturally GFLV-infected grapevines for which the virome was characterized by RNAseq.
Six RNA-1 and four RNA-2 molecules were assembled segregating into four and three distinct
phylogenetic clades of RNA-1 and RNA-2, respectively. After 19 months of rearing, single and pools
of 30 X. index tested positive for GFLV. Additionally, either pooled or single X. index carried multiple
variants of the two GFLV genomic RNAs. However, the full viral genetic diversity found in the leaves
of infected grapevines was not detected in viruliferous nematodes, indicating a genetic bottleneck.
Our results provide new insights into the complexity of GFLV populations and the putative role of X.
index as reservoirs of virus diversity
Exploring emotion responses toward pedestrian crossing actions for designing in-vehicle empathic interfaces
While affective non-verbal communication between pedestrians and drivers has been shown to improve on-road safety and driving experiences, it remains a challenge to design driver assistance systems that can automatically capture these affective cues. In this early work, we identify users' emotional self-report responses towards commonly occurring pedestrian actions while crossing a road. We conducted a crowd-sourced web-based survey (N=91), where respondents with prior driving experience viewed videos of 25 pedestrian interaction scenarios selected from the JAAD (Joint Attention for Autonomous Driving) dataset, and thereafter provided valence and arousal self-reports. We found participants' emotion self-reports (especially valence) are strongly influenced by actions including hand waving, nodding, impolite hand gestures, and inattentive pedestrian(s) crossing while engaged with a phone. Our findings provide a first step towards designing in-vehicle empathic interfaces that can assist in driver emotion regulation during on-road interactions, where the identified pedestrian actions serve as future driver emotion induction stimuli
Affective driver-pedestrian interaction: Exploring driver affective responses toward pedestrian crossing actions using camera and physiological sensors
Eliciting and capturing drivers' affective responses in a realistic outdoor setting with pedestrians poses a challenge when designing in-vehicle, empathic interfaces. To address this, we designed a controlled, outdoor car driving circuit where drivers (N=27) drove and encountered pedestrian confederates who performed non-verbal positive or non-positive road crossing actions towards them. Our findings reveal that drivers reported higher valence upon observing positive, non-verbal crossing actions, and higher arousal upon observing non-positive crossing actions. Drivers' heart signals (BVP, IBI and BPM), skin conductance and facial expressions (brow lowering, eyelid tightening, nose wrinkling, and lip stretching) all varied significantly when observing positive and non-positive actions. Our car driving study, by drawing on realistic driving conditions, further contributes to the development of in-vehicle empathic interfaces that leverage behavioural and physiological sensing. Through automatic inference of driver affect resulting from pedestrian actions, our work can enable novel empathic interfaces for supporting driver emotion self-regulation
From video to hybrid simulator: Exploring affective responses toward non-verbal pedestrian crossing actions using camera and physiological sensors
Capturing driversâ affective responses given driving context and driver-pedestrian interactions remains a challenge for designing in-vehicle, empathic interfaces. To address this, we conducted two lab-based studies using camera and physiological sensors. Our first study collected participantsâ (N = 21) emotion self-reports and physiological signals (including facial temperatures) toward non-verbal, pedestrian crossing videos from the Joint Attention for Autonomous Driving dataset. Our second study increased realism by employing a hybrid driving simulator setup to capture participantsâ affective responses (N = 24) toward enacted, non-verbal pedestrian crossing actions. Key findings showed: (a) non-positive actions in videos elicited higher arousal ratings, whereas different in-video pedestrian crossing actions significantly influenced participantsâ physiological signals. (b) Non-verbal pedestrian interactions in the hybrid simulator setup significantly influenced participantsâ facial expressions, but not their physiological signals. We contribute to the development of in-vehicle empathic interfaces that draw on behavioral and physiological sensing to in-situ infer driver affective responses during non-verbal pedestrian interactions
Prognostic implications of comorbidity patterns in critically ill COVID-19 patients: A multicenter, observational study
Background: The clinical heterogeneity of COVID-19 suggests the existence of different phenotypes with prognostic implications. We aimed to analyze comorbidity patterns in critically ill COVID-19 patients and assess their impact on in-hospital outcomes, response to treatment and sequelae.
Methods: Multicenter prospective/retrospective observational study in intensive care units of 55 Spanish hospitals. 5866 PCR-confirmed COVID-19 patients had comorbidities recorded at hospital admission; clinical and biological parameters, in-hospital procedures and complications throughout the stay; and, clinical complications, persistent symptoms and sequelae at 3 and 6 months.
Findings: Latent class analysis identified 3 phenotypes using training and test subcohorts: low-morbidity (n=3385; 58%), younger and with few comorbidities; high-morbidity (n=2074; 35%), with high comorbid burden; and renal-morbidity (n=407; 7%), with chronic kidney disease (CKD), high comorbidity burden and the worst oxygenation profile. Renal-morbidity and high-morbidity had more in-hospital complications and higher mortality risk than low-morbidity (adjusted HR (95% CI): 1.57 (1.34-1.84) and 1.16 (1.05-1.28), respectively). Corticosteroids, but not tocilizumab, were associated with lower mortality risk (HR (95% CI) 0.76 (0.63-0.93)), especially in renal-morbidity and high-morbidity. Renal-morbidity and high-morbidity showed the worst lung function throughout the follow-up, with renal-morbidity having the highest risk of infectious complications (6%), emergency visits (29%) or hospital readmissions (14%) at 6 months (p<0.01).
Interpretation: Comorbidity-based phenotypes were identified and associated with different expression of in-hospital complications, mortality, treatment response, and sequelae, with CKD playing a major role. This could help clinicians in day-to-day decision making including the management of post-discharge COVID-19 sequelae.Financial support was provided by Instituto de Salud Carlos III (CIBERESUCICOVID, COV20/00110), co-funded by Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER), âUna manera de hacer Europaâ, Centro de InvestigaciĂłn BiomĂ©dica en Red â Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES) and Donation Program âestar preparadosâ, UNESPA, Madrid, Spain. JdB acknowledges receiving financial support from Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII; Miguel Servet 2019: CP19/00108), cofunded by the European Social Fund (ESF), âInvesting in your futureâ. DdGC acknowledges receiving financial support from Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII; Miguel Servet 2019: CP20/00041), co-funded by the European Social Fund (ESF), âInvesting in your futureâ. AC acknowledges receiving financial support from Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII; Sara Borrell 2021:
CD21/00087).Peer ReviewedArticle signat per 71 autors/es: IvĂĄn D. BenĂtez (a,b,1), Jordi de Batlle (a,b,1), Gerard Torres (a,b), Jessica GonzĂĄalez (a,b), David de Gonzalo-Calvo (a,b), Adriano D.S. Targa (a,b), Clara Gort-Paniello (a,b), Anna MoncusĂ-Moix (a,b), AdriĂĄn Ceccato (b,c), Laia FernĂĄndez-Barat (b,d), Ricard Ferrer (b,e), Dario Garcia-Gasulla (f), Rosario MenĂ©ndez (b,g), Anna Motos (b,d), Oscar Peñuelas (b,h), Jordi Riera (b,e), JesĂșs F. Bermejo-Martin (b,i), Yhivian Peñasco (j), Pilar Ricart (k), MarĂa Cruz Martin Delgado(l), Luciano Aguilera(m), Alejandro RodrĂguez(n), Maria Victoria Boado Varela (o), Fernando Suarez-Sipmann (p), Juan Carlos Pozo-Laderas (q), Jordi SolĂ©-Violan (r), Maite Nieto (s), Mariana Andrea Novo (t), JosĂ© BarberĂĄn (u), Rosario Amaya Villar (v), JosĂ© Garnacho-Montero (w), Jose Luis GarcĂa-Garmendia (x), JosĂ© M. GĂłmez (y), JosĂ© Ăngel Lorente (b,h), Aaron Blandino Ortiz (z), Luis Tamayo Lomas (aa), Esther LĂłpez-Ramos (ab), Alejandro Ăbeda (ac), Mercedes CatalĂĄn-GonzĂĄlez (ad), Angel SĂĄnchez-Miralles (ae), Ignacio MartĂnez Varela (af), Ruth NoemĂ Jorge GarcĂa (ag), Nieves Franco (ah), VĂctor D. Gumucio-Sanguino (ai), Arturo Huerta Garcia (aj), Elena Bustamante-Munguira (ak), Luis Jorge Valdivia (al), JesĂșs Caballero (am), Elena Gallego (an), Amalia MartĂnez de la GĂĄndara (ao), Ălvaro Castellanos-Ortega (ap), Josep Trenado (aq), Judith Marin-Corral (ar), Guillermo M Albaiceta (b,as), Maria del Carmen de la Torre (at), Ana Loza-VĂĄzquez (au), Pablo Vidal (av), Juan Lopez Messa (aw), Jose M. Añon (b,ax), Cristina Carbajales PĂ©rez (ay), Victor Sagredo (az), Neus Bofill (ba), Nieves Carbonell (bb), Lorenzo Socias(bc), Carme BarberĂĄ (bd), Angel Estella (be), Manuel Valledor Mendez (bf), Emili Diaz (bg), Ana LĂłpez Lago (bh), Antoni Torres (b,d) and Ferran BarbĂ© (a,b*), on behalf of the CIBERESUCICOVID Project (COV20/00110, ISCIII)2 // (a) Translational Research in Respiratory Medicine, University Hospital Arnau de Vilanova and Santa Maria, IRBLleida, Lleida, Spain; (b) CIBER of Respiratory Diseases (CIBERES), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; (c) Critical Care Center, ParcTaulĂ Hospital Universitari, Institut d'InvestigaciĂł i InnovaciĂł Parc TaulĂ I3PT, Sabadell, Spain; (d) Department of Pneumology, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona; August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research InstituteâIDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; (e) Intensive Care Department, Vall dâHebron Hospital Universitari. SODIR Research Group, Vall dâHebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Barcelona, Spain; (f) Barcelona Supercomputing Center (BSC), Barcelona, Spain; (g) Pulmonology Service, University and Polytechnic Hospital La Fe, Valencia, Spain; (h) Hospital Universitario de Getafe, Madrid, Spain; Universidad Europea, Madrid, Spain; (i) Hospital Universitario RĂo Hortega de Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain; Group for Biomedical Research in Sepsis (BioSepsis), Instituto de InvestigaciĂłn BiomĂ©dica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain; (j) Servicio de Medicina Intensiva, Hospital Universitario MarquĂ©s de Valdecilla, Santander, Spain; (k) Servei de Medicina Intensiva, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias, Badalona, Spain; (l) Hospital Universitario TorrejĂłn-Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, Madrid, Spain; (m) Servicio de AnestesiologĂa y ReanimaciĂłn, Hospital Universitario Basurto, Bilbao, Spain; (n) Critical Care Department, Hospital Joan XXIII, Tarragona, Spain; (o) Servicio de Medicina Intensiva, Hospital de Cruces, Baracaldo, Vizcaya, Spain; (p) Intensive Care Unit, Hospital Universitario La Princesa, Madrid, Spain; (q) UGC-Medicina Intensiva, Hospital Universitario Reina Sofia, Instituto Maimonides IMIBIC, CĂłrdoba, Spain; (r) Critical Care Department, Hospital Dr. NegrĂn Gran Canaria, Las Palmas, Gran Canaria, Spain. Universidad Fernando Pessoa, Canarias, Spain; (s) Hospital Universitario de Segovia, Segovia, Spain; (t) Servei de Medicina Intensiva, Hospital Universitari Son Espases, Palma de Mallorca, Illes Balears, Spain; (u) Hospital Universitario HM MonteprĂncipe, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, Madrid, Spain; vIntensive Care Clinical Unit, Hospital Universitario Virgen de RocĂo, Sevilla, Spain; (w) Intensive Care Clinical Unit, Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena, Seville, Spain; (x) Intensive Care Unit, Hospital San Juan de Dios del Aljarafe, Bormujos, Sevilla, Spain; (y) Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañon, Madrid, Spain; (z) Servicio de Medicina Intensiva, Hospital Universitario RamĂłn y Cajal, Madrid, Spain; (aa) Critical Care Department, Hospital Universitario RĂo Hortega de Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain; (ab) Servicio de Medicina Intensiva, Hospital Universitario PrĂncipe de Asturias, Madrid, Spain; (ac) Servicio de Medicina Intensiva, Hospital Punta de Europa, Algeciras, Spain; (ad) Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain; (ae) Hospital de Sant Joan dâAlacant, Alacant, Spain; (af) Critical Care Department, Hospital Universitario Lucus Augusti, Lugo, Spain; (ag) Intensive Care Department, Hospital Nuestra Señora de Gracia, Zaragoza, Spain; (ah) Hospital Universitario de MĂłstoles, Madrid, Spain; (ai) Department of Intensive Care. Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, LâHospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain. Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; (aj) Pulmonary and Critical Care Division; Emergency Department, ClĂnica Sagrada FamĂlia, Barcelona, Spain; (ak) Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Hospital ClĂnico Universitario Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain; (al) Hospital Universitario de LeĂłn, LeĂłn, Spain; (am) Critical Care Department, Hospital Universitari Arnau de Vilanova; IRBLleida, Lleida, Spain; (an) Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos, Hospital Universitario San Pedro de AlcĂĄntara, CĂĄceres, Spain; (ao) Department of Intensive Medicine, Hospital Universitario Infanta Leonor, Madrid, Spain; (ap) Servicio de medicina intensiva. Hospital Universitario y PolitĂ©cnico La Fe, Valencia, Spain; (aq) Servicio de Medicina Intensiva, Hospital Universitario MĂștua de Terrassa, Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain; (ar) Critical Care Department, Hospital del Mar-IMIM, Barcelona, Spain; (as) Departamento de BiologĂa Funcional. Instituto Universitario de OncologĂa del Principado de Asturias, Universidad de Oviedo; Instituto de InvestigaciĂłn Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias, Hospital Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain; (at) Hospital de MatarĂł de Barcelona, Spain; (au) Unidad de Medicina Intensiva, Hospital Universitario Virgen de Valme, Sevilla, Spain; (av) Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Ourense, Ourense, Spain; (aw) Complejo Asistencial Universitario de Palencia, Palencia, Spain; (ax) Servicio de Medicina Intensiva. Hospital Universitario La Paz, IdiPAZ, Madrid, Spain; (ay) Intensive Care Unit, Hospital Ălvaro Cunqueiro, Vigo, Spain; (az) Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain; (ba) Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Hospital Verge de la Cinta, Tortosa, Tarragona, Spain; (bb) Intensive Care Unit, Hospital ClĂnico y Universitario de Valencia, Valencia, Spain; (bc) Intensive Care Unit, Hospital Son LlĂ tzer, Palma de Mallorca, Illes Balears, Spain; (bd) Hospital Santa Maria; IRBLleida, Lleida, Spain; (be) Intensive Care Unit, University Hospital of Jerez. Medicine Department University of Cadiz. INiBICA, Spain; (bf) Hospital Universitario San AgustĂn, Asturias, Spain; (bg) Department of Medicine, Universitat AutĂłnoma de Barcelona (UAB); Critical Care Department, CorporaciĂł SanitĂ ria Parc TaulĂ, Sabadell, Barcelona, Spain; (bh) Department of Intensive care Medicine, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, SpainPostprint (published version
MRI Discriminates Thrombus Composition and ST Resolution after Percutaneous Coronary Intervention in Patients with ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction
Histological composition of material obtained by thrombus aspiration during percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in patients with ST-segment elevation acute myocardial infarction (STEMI) is highly variable. We aimed to characterize this material using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and to correlate MRI findings with the success of PCI in terms of ST-segment resolution. Thrombus aspiration during primary or rescue PCI was attempted in 100 consecutive STEMI patients, of whom enough material for MRI was obtained in 59. MR images were obtained at 9.4T and T1 and T2 values were measured. Patients with (nâ=â31) and without (nâ=â28) adequate ST resolution 120 min after PCI (â„70% of pre-PCI value) had similar baseline characteristics except for a higher prevalence of diabetes mellitus in the latter (10 vs. 43%, pâ=â0.003). T1 values were similar in both groups (1248±112 vs. 1307±85 ms, respectively, pâ=â0.7). T2 values averaged 31.2±10.3 and 36.6±12.2 ms; in thrombus from patients with and without adequate ST resolution (pâ=â0.09). After adjusting for diabetes and other baseline characteristics, lower T2 values were significantly associated with inadequate ST resolution (odds ratio for 1 ms increase 1.08, CI 95% 1.01â1.16, pâ=â0.027). Histology classified thrombus in 3 groups: coagulated blood (nâ=â38), fibrin rich (nâ=â9) and lipid-rich (nâ=â3). Thrombi composed mostly of coagulated blood were characterized as being of short (nâ=â10), intermediate (nâ=â15) or long evolution (nâ=â13), T2 values being 34.0±13.2, 31.9±8.3 and 31.5±7.9 ms respectively (pâ=âNS). In this subgroup, T2 was significantly higher in specimens from patients with inadequate perfusion (35.9±10.3 versus 28.6±6.7 ms, pâ=â0.02). This can be of clinical interest as it provides information on the probability of adequate ST resolution, a surrogate for effective myocardial reperfusion
Pathogenic variants in the human m(6)A reader YTHDC2 are associated with primary ovarian insufficiency
Primary ovarian insufficiency (POI) affects 1% of women and carries significant medical and psychosocial sequelae. Approximately 10% of POI has a defined genetic cause, with most implicated genes relating to biological processes involved in early fetal ovary development and function. Recently, Ythdc2, an RNA helicase and N6-methyladenosine reader, has emerged as a regulator of meiosis in mice. Here, we describe homozygous pathogenic variants in YTHDC2 in 3 women with early-onset POI from 2 families: C. 2567C>G, p.P856R in the helicase-associated (HA2) domain and c.1129G>T, p.E377*. We demonstrated that YTHDC2 is expressed in the developing human fetal ovary and is upregulated in meiotic germ cells, together with related meiosisassociated factors. The p.P856R variant resulted in a less flexible protein that likely disrupted downstream conformational kinetics of the HA2 domain, whereas the p.E377*variant truncated the helicase core. Taken together, our results reveal that YTHDC2 is a key regulator of meiosis in humans and pathogenic variants within this gene are associated with POI
Salamander Hox clusters contain repetitive DNA and expanded non-coding regions: a typical Hoxstructure for non-mammalian tetrapod vertebrates?
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