Content and Meaning Constitutive Inferences

A priori theories of justification of logic based on meaning often lead to trouble, in particular to issues concerning circularity. First, I present Boghossian’s a prioriview. Boghossian maintains the rule-circular justifications from a conceptual role semantics. However, rule-circular justifications are problematic. Recently, Boghossian (Boghossian, 2015) has claimed that rules should be thought of as contents and contents as abstract objects. In this paper, I discuss Boghossian’s view. My argumentation consists of three main parts. First, I analyse several arguments to show that in fact, Boghossian’s inferentialist solution is not fully satisfying. Second, I discuss the matter further, if one accepts that basic logical rules are constitutive of meaning, that is, they constitute the logical concepts and the content of a rule is an abstract object, then abstract objects — like, for example, rules — could be constitutive of meaning. The question is whether conceptual priority is in the judgment or in the object and what theory of content is pursued. Grasping content as a matter of knowing how a word or concept behaves in inferences is not completely explicative. Finally, I contend that rules come to exist as a result of certain kinds of mental action. These actions function as constitutive norms. Logical rules are not abstract objects but ideal. What one construes as norms or rules of content may involve idealization, but this is because we share a language

Antiexcepcionalismo humano y el problema de la identidad

El posthumanismo es un término que engloba numerosos análisis teóricos con un denominador común: el excepcionalismo humano, es decir, la posición privilegiada del ser humano respecto al resto del universo. El propósito de este artículo es analizar hasta qué punto la estructura no naturalista de lo humano ha difuminado la distinción tradicional entre lo humano y lo que no es humano y, al mismo tiempo, presentar brevemente el desacuerdo existente dentro del posthumanismo. El objetivo es cuestionar las múltiples formas en que el posthumanismo, en sus diversas configuraciones, es antiexcepcionalista y desafía nuestra noción de “lo humano”

Juicio no-racionalizado dentro del pensamiento racional

In this article, we consider Wittgenstein’s approach to non-inferential knowledge, its relation to special propositions, and the nature of the justification of these propositions. According to Wittgenstein, there is a kind of non-inferential knowledge whose rational status is not the result of basic beliefs (in a foundational sense) that justify it. In Wittgenstein’s rule-following analysis, Frege’s theory is criticized. This theory is based on the idea that having a conceptual repertoire prior to the understanding of any rule, requires having grasped the conditions of verification of a rule, which is a source of problems. Following Wright’s construing of Wittgenstein’s ideas, we maintain that understanding concepts cannot be prior to the linguistic ability. RIFL (2018) Vol. 12, n. 2: 70-82. DOI: 10.4396/2018020

LOS FORMICIDAE (HYMENOPTERA) DE UNA COMUNIDAD SARCOSAPRÓFAGA EN UN ECOSISTEMA MEDITERRÁNEO

In this paper we study the ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) from a general survey made on sarcosaprophagous insects, in a mediterranean ecosystem, in Murcia (Spain), from 1996 to 1997. One special trap was used. 2963 specimens of ants belonging to 12 taxa were collected. Seven of them are new from sarcosaprophagous fauna. Pyramica Membranifera and Plagiolepis xene are two interesting species from Iberian Peninsule. Seasonal and temporal succession patterns of ants are presented and discussed.Se han estudiado las hormigas (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) de una comunidad sarcosaprófaga en un ecosistema mediterráneo, en la provincia de Murcia (España), entre 1996 y 1997, empleando un tipo especial de trampa. Se han recolectado 2963 ejemplares pertenecientes a 12 taxones, siete de los cuales son nuevos para la fauna sarcosaprófaga. Entre ellos han aparecido dos especies especialmente interesantes para la fauna Ibérica: Pyramica membranifera y Plagiolepis xene. Se presentan y discuten los modelos de sucesión estacional y temporal de los formícidos en la comunidad arcosaprófaga

LOS SARCOPHAGIDAE (INSECTA, DIPTERA) DE UN ECOSISTEMA CADAVÉRICO EN EL SURESTE DE LA PENÍNSULA IBÉRICA

The results of the study of the Sarcophagidae collected in a sarcosaprophagous community, in the southeastern Iberian Peninsula are presented. This contribution is framed in a study on the sarcosaprophagous entomological fauna in the western Mediterranean area in order to know its faunistic composition and its seasonal dynamic. The study has been carried out all along a complete year, allowing to evaluate the faunal succession, as well as the relationship among species and the different states of the cadaveric decomposition. In this study 13 species have been found. Data about their seasonal distribution and association degree with the different decomposition periods are also offered. These data are important for the establishment of the postmortem interval (PMI) in this area.En este trabajo se presentan los resultados del estudio de la fauna de sarcofágidos recogidos en una comunidad sarcosaprófaga, en el sureste de la Península Ibérica. Esta aportación se enmarca en un estudio sobre la fauna entomológica sarcosaprófaga en el Mediterráneo Occidental con el fin de conocer la composición faunística y su dinámica temporal. El estudio se ha realizado durante un año completo, lo que ha permitido evaluar la sucesión de la fauna, así como la relación de las especies con los diferentes estados de descomposición del cadáver. Se han identificado 13 especies, de las que se ofrecen datos sobre su evolución estacional y grado de asociación con una o más fases de descomposición, datos de gran importancia para el establecimiento del intervalo postmortem (PMI) en esta área geográfica

ESTUDIO PRELIMINAR DE LA COMUNIDAD SARCOSAPRÓFAGA EN CÓRDOBA (ARGENTINA): APLICACIÓN A LA ENTOMOLOGÍA FORENSE

A preliminary study of the community of associated entomosarcosaprophagous arthropods to bodies in decomposition in a hemisinantropic zone of Córdoba (Argentina), pertaining to the Mediterranean region of the country has been developed. This study turns out fi rst to be carried out in this zone. The samplings were made during the austral spring, in November, using as device of collects a modifi ed Schoenly trap, baited with chicken carcasses. 3427 adults and 456 immature belonging to 11 orders different from arthropods were collected. During the process fi ve phases of decomposition were recognized (fresh, bloated, decay, advanced decay and skeletonization). The fauna associated to each one of the stages is present, as well as the global results of the found community, making emphasis in the species best indicating the postmortem interval.Se ha desarrollado un estudio preliminar de la comunidad de artrópodos entomosarcosaprófagos sociados a cuerpos en descomposición en una zona hemisinantrópica de Córdoba (Argentina), perteneciente a la región Mediterránea del país. Este estudio resulta ser el primero llevado a cabo en dicha zona. Los muestreos se realizaron durante la primavera austral, en el mes de noviembre, empleando como dispositivo de colecta una trampa de Schoenly modifi cada, cebada con cadáver de ave. Se recogieron 3427 adultos y 456 inmaduros pertenecientes a 11 órdenes diferentes de artrópodos. Durante el proceso se reconocieron cinco fases de descomposición (estado fresco, enfi sematoso, de descomposición, descomposición tardía y esqueletización). Se presenta la fauna asociada a cada una de las etapas, así como los resultados globales de la comunidad encontrada, haciendo énfasis en las especies mejores indicadoras de intervalos postmortem

Kei Hiruta: Hannah Arendt and Isaiah Berlin: Freedom, Politics and Humanity, Princeton University Press 2021. : Hannah Arendt and Isaiah Berlin: Freedom, Politics and Humanity, by Kei Hiruta.

The first thing to notice about Kei Hiruta’s monograph is that it is not a partisan book. The second is that it is one of those works that, while including the historical itinerary, also covers the philosophical debate that runs through it. Kei Hiruta’s research is thus, located at the intersection of political philosophy and intellectual history. The present monograph is the outcome of his project entitled “Berlin’s Bête Noire: Hannah Arendt and Isaiah Berlin on Freedom, Politics, and Humanity” which chronicles the intellectual, political, and personal conflict between Arendt and Berlin. Hiruta has also edited the book Arendt on Freedom, Liberation, and Revolution (Palgrave Macmillan, 2019). Here, the author delves into the idea of freedom and totalitarianism as points of disagreement and agreement between two giants of twentieth-century thought. He thus elaborates a concise and essential document of political theory.The first thing to notice about Kei Hiruta’s monograph is that it is not a partisan book. The second is that it is one of those works that, while including the historical itinerary, also covers the philosophical debate that runs through it. Kei Hiruta’s research is thus, located at the intersection of political philosophy and intellectual history. The present monograph is the outcome of his project entitled “Berlin’s Bête Noire: Hannah Arendt and Isaiah Berlin on Freedom, Politics, and Humanity” which chronicles the intellectual, political, and personal conflict between Arendt and Berlin. Hiruta has also edited the book Arendt on Freedom, Liberation, and Revolution (Palgrave Macmillan, 2019). Here, the author delves into the idea of freedom and totalitarianism as points of disagreement and agreement between two giants of twentieth-century thought. He thus elaborates a concise and essential document of political theory

Estudio preliminar de la comunidad sarcosaprófaga en Córdoba (Argentina): aplicación a la entomología

Se ha desarrollado un estudio preliminar de la comunidad de artrópodos entomosarcosaprófagos asociados a cuerpos en descomposición en una zona hemisinantrópica de Córdoba (Argentina), perteneciente a la región Mediterránea del país. Este estudio resulta ser el primero llevado a cabo en dicha zona. Los muestreos se realizaron durante la primavera austral, en el mes de noviembre, empleando como dispositivo de colecta una trampa de Schoenly modifi cada, cebada con cadáver de ave. Se recogieron 3427 adultos y 456 inmaduros pertenecientes a 11 órdenes diferentes de artrópodos. Durante el proceso se reconocieron cinco fases de descomposición (estado fresco, enfi sematoso, de descomposición, descomposición tardía y esqueletización). Se presenta la fauna asociada a cada una de las etapas, así como los resultados globales de la comunidad encontrada, haciendo énfasis en las especies mejores indicadoras de intervalos postmortem

Life Cycle and Biometric Study of Hydrotaea capensis (Wiedemann, 1818) (Diptera, Muscidae), a Species of Forensic Interest

One of the most important and perhaps most used applications of forensic entomology concerns the estimation of the minimum post-mortem interval (minPMI), defined as the time interval between death and the actual finding of a corpse. Some Diptera species are critical in these studies because they are the first ones capable of detecting and finding a corpse and are selectively attracted by its decomposing status. Thus, the knowledge of the micromorphology of their preimaginal stages and of their life cycles within a time frame constitutes solid indicators for estimating the minPMI. Hydrotaea capensis is a Muscidae of forensic interest usually considered as a late colonizer of corpses. It is widely distributed, living mainly in warm regions, and present in a wide variety of habitats. In this study, the H. capensis life cycle was studied at four constant temperatures, 18°, 20°, 25° and 30 °C, by recording the duration of its different developmental stages, including the length reached in each larval stage, as well as some biometric characteristics of the emerged adults. Significant differences were observed in the average time of development of most larval stages, with a longer duration at low temperatures, and in the length of each larval stage depending on the temperature, but, in this case, without a clear pattern. Moreover, significant differences were found in some alar features, pointing to them as a relevant indicator to be considered. The data provided will assist forensic entomologists to make more accurate minPMI estimations in cases where H. capensis is present

Dinámica temporal y especies clave de la entomofauna sarcosaprófaga en un medio natural mediterráneo

Los insectos pueden detectar la presencia de un cadáver a gran distancia, colonizándolo rápidamente y siendo los primeros en explotar este recurso. La composición y dinámica de la comunidad, junto con su presencia en un lugar específico, son clave para su posterior aplicación forense. Por este motivo, se estudió la fauna entomosarcosaprófaga asociada a un cadáver en una zona montañosa de la provincia de Murcia (SE, España). Las especies Chrysomya albiceps, Calliphora vicina y C. vomitoria fueron las especies más valiosas como indicadores estacionales. Estas especies, junto con Dermestes frischii, Camponotus sylvaticus y la superfamilia Chalcidoidea, definen un patrón claro de colonización que varía según la estación del año. Finalmente, la especies Iberoformica subrufa pueden tener valor potencial como indicador de hábitat del área estudiada.Insects can detect the presence of a cadaver at a great distance, colonizing it rapidly and being the first to exploit this resource. Its composition and dynamics, together with its presence in a specific location, are key to its subsequent forensic application. For this reason, it was studied the entomosarcosaprophagous fauna associated with a carcass in a wild mountainous area of the province of Murcia (SE, Spain). The species Chrysomya albiceps, Calliphora vicina and C. vomitoria were the most valuables species as seasonal indicators. These species, together with Dermestes frischii, Camponotus sylvaticus and those of the Chalcidoidea superfamily, define a clear pattern of colonization that varies according to the season of the year. Finally, the species Iberoformica subrufa may be of potential use as habitat indicator of the studied area