Creación del Laboratorio vivo de Lingüística Aplicada a la enseñanza de Lenguas (Lab-LAEL)

Crear un laboratorio de idiomas que facilite (i) la formación de profesores en la creación y aplicación de nuevas metodologías de aprendizaje de lenguas modernas y antiguas y (ii) el diseño y desarrollo de nuevas metodologías y materiales didácticos. El laboratorio de lingüística que se quiere crear tiene como objetivo facilitar la formación de profesores que dedican su labor docente a la enseñanza del inglés, del alemán, de la lengua española y del latín. Aprovechando una red de centros docentes confeccionada mediante el Proyecto Innova 219 (2020-2021) y ampliada gracias al Proyecto Innova 249 (2021-2022) se pretende poner en marcha un espacio de investigación orientado a indagar y explorar cómo mejorar las técnicas de aprendizaje-enseñanza de lenguas modernas y antiguas. El sistema de trabajo del laboratorio será cooperativo y empírico, basado en la metodología del "design thinking": definición del problema (a partir de la experiencia); propuesta de una solución; prototipado; experimentación; evolución de la solución (fundamentada en el análisis y conocimiento compartido dentro del laboratorio); difusión de los resultados fuera del laboratorio. Se buscará, por tanto, una co-formación del profesorado que llevará a una experimentación en el aula, que proporcionará unos datos (resultados académicos, percepción del alumnado y percepción del docente) cuyo análisis desembocará en una evolución de la solución inicial en forma de mejoras (técnicas y materiales) implementadas en el aula. El laboratorio se creará a partir de la red de profesores que actualmente están investigando sobre la nueva metodología de enseñanza de lengua (metodología del rompecabezas). En este sentido, se trata de dar forma y materializar el entorno de investigación e innovación educativa ya existente para las lenguas latina y alemana e incorporarlo a la lengua inglesa y española. La existencia de un laboratorio de lenguas ayudará a dar valor y continuidad a la actividad que se está desarrollando en innovación metodológica. El laboratorio integrará, como actividad inicial, la investigación actualmente en marcha para la mejora de los itinerarios didácticos y los materiales educativos basados en la metodología del rompecabezas para las lenguas latina y alemana y la creación de los itinerarios y materiales para las nuevas lenguas española e inglesa. Es relevante señalar que esta metodología ha sido diseñada, desarrollada y evaluada gracias a los Proyectos Innova 269 (2016-2017), 193 (2017-2018), 164 (2018-2019), 245 (2019-2020), 219 (2020-2021) y 249 (2021-2022) en formatos e-learning, b-learning y m-learning (Márquez - Fernández-Pampillón: 2020; Márquez - Fernández-Pampillón: 2019; Márquez - Fernandez-Pampillón - Sánchez Hernández: 2019; Márquez - Chaves: 2016). Son relevantes los resultados obtenidos hasta ahora: (i) un tipo de diccionario didáctico digital nuevo tanto desde una perspectiva lexicográfica como didáctica (desarrollado en latín y en alemán) que está alojado en los repositorios de la UCM (http://repositorios.fdi.ucm.es/DiccionarioDidacticoLatin y http://repositorios.fdi.ucm.es/DiccionarioDidacticoAleman) y (ii) un itinerario didáctico implementado en dos espacios virtuales aprendizaje Disponibles en abierto en el Campus Virtual de la UCM (https://cv4.ucm.es/moodle/course/view.php?id=115039 Y https://cv4.ucm.es/moodle/course/view.php?id=115038). OBJETIVOS: 1) Crear el laboratorio de lingüística. 2) Dar contenido al laboratorio con la investigación actual. 3) Estabilizar las dinámicas de trabajo (basadas en pensamiento de diseño) que permitan continuar o poner en marcha nuevas ideas para la enseñanza y aprendizaje de lenguas. 4) Desarrollar materiales educativos de apoyo (piezas de rompecabezas y kit inicial de aprendizaje).Universidad Complutense de MadridDepto. de Lingüística, Estudios Árabes, Hebreos y de Asia OrientalFac. de FilologíaFALSEsubmitte

Global variation in postoperative mortality and complications after cancer surgery: a multicentre, prospective cohort study in 82 countries

© 2021 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 licenseBackground: 80% of individuals with cancer will require a surgical procedure, yet little comparative data exist on early outcomes in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). We compared postoperative outcomes in breast, colorectal, and gastric cancer surgery in hospitals worldwide, focusing on the effect of disease stage and complications on postoperative mortality. Methods: This was a multicentre, international prospective cohort study of consecutive adult patients undergoing surgery for primary breast, colorectal, or gastric cancer requiring a skin incision done under general or neuraxial anaesthesia. The primary outcome was death or major complication within 30 days of surgery. Multilevel logistic regression determined relationships within three-level nested models of patients within hospitals and countries. Hospital-level infrastructure effects were explored with three-way mediation analyses. This study was registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03471494. Findings: Between April 1, 2018, and Jan 31, 2019, we enrolled 15 958 patients from 428 hospitals in 82 countries (high income 9106 patients, 31 countries; upper-middle income 2721 patients, 23 countries; or lower-middle income 4131 patients, 28 countries). Patients in LMICs presented with more advanced disease compared with patients in high-income countries. 30-day mortality was higher for gastric cancer in low-income or lower-middle-income countries (adjusted odds ratio 3·72, 95% CI 1·70–8·16) and for colorectal cancer in low-income or lower-middle-income countries (4·59, 2·39–8·80) and upper-middle-income countries (2·06, 1·11–3·83). No difference in 30-day mortality was seen in breast cancer. The proportion of patients who died after a major complication was greatest in low-income or lower-middle-income countries (6·15, 3·26–11·59) and upper-middle-income countries (3·89, 2·08–7·29). Postoperative death after complications was partly explained by patient factors (60%) and partly by hospital or country (40%). The absence of consistently available postoperative care facilities was associated with seven to 10 more deaths per 100 major complications in LMICs. Cancer stage alone explained little of the early variation in mortality or postoperative complications. Interpretation: Higher levels of mortality after cancer surgery in LMICs was not fully explained by later presentation of disease. The capacity to rescue patients from surgical complications is a tangible opportunity for meaningful intervention. Early death after cancer surgery might be reduced by policies focusing on strengthening perioperative care systems to detect and intervene in common complications. Funding: National Institute for Health Research Global Health Research Unit

Effects of hospital facilities on patient outcomes after cancer surgery: an international, prospective, observational study

© 2022 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY 4.0 licenseBackground: Early death after cancer surgery is higher in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs) compared with in high-income countries, yet the impact of facility characteristics on early postoperative outcomes is unknown. The aim of this study was to examine the association between hospital infrastructure, resource availability, and processes on early outcomes after cancer surgery worldwide. Methods: A multimethods analysis was performed as part of the GlobalSurg 3 study—a multicentre, international, prospective cohort study of patients who had surgery for breast, colorectal, or gastric cancer. The primary outcomes were 30-day mortality and 30-day major complication rates. Potentially beneficial hospital facilities were identified by variable selection to select those associated with 30-day mortality. Adjusted outcomes were determined using generalised estimating equations to account for patient characteristics and country-income group, with population stratification by hospital. Findings: Between April 1, 2018, and April 23, 2019, facility-level data were collected for 9685 patients across 238 hospitals in 66 countries (91 hospitals in 20 high-income countries; 57 hospitals in 19 upper-middle-income countries; and 90 hospitals in 27 low-income to lower-middle-income countries). The availability of five hospital facilities was inversely associated with mortality: ultrasound, CT scanner, critical care unit, opioid analgesia, and oncologist. After adjustment for case-mix and country income group, hospitals with three or fewer of these facilities (62 hospitals, 1294 patients) had higher mortality compared with those with four or five (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 3·85 [95% CI 2·58–5·75]; p<0·0001), with excess mortality predominantly explained by a limited capacity to rescue following the development of major complications (63·0% vs 82·7%; OR 0·35 [0·23–0·53]; p<0·0001). Across LMICs, improvements in hospital facilities would prevent one to three deaths for every 100 patients undergoing surgery for cancer. Interpretation: Hospitals with higher levels of infrastructure and resources have better outcomes after cancer surgery, independent of country income. Without urgent strengthening of hospital infrastructure and resources, the reductions in cancer-associated mortality associated with improved access will not be realised. Funding: National Institute for Health and Care Research