Reviews

Review of Worker Control and Influence: A Review of the Bullock Report, The Report of the Commission of Inquiry into the Heavy Engineering Industry, Wage Payment System

In-house asset management in the Australian superannuation industry

We examine how executives from the Australian superannuation industry perceive and approach the choice between managing assets in-house, versus outsourcing to external investment managers. We find that decision frameworks, as well as the perceived benefits and challenges of in-house management, can be described in terms of four elements: costs, capabilities, alignment and governance. Industry participants address these four elements in diverse ways. This is reflected in a variety of decision approaches, aspects that are considered and emphasised in decision-making, and implementation structures

PREVALENCE OF VEROCYTOTOXIGENIC ESCHERICHIA-COLI SEROTYPE O157H7 IN CHILDREN WITH DIARRHEA ATTENDING A SYDNEY HOSPITAL

Verotoxin producing Escherichia coli, in particular serotype O157:H7, have been implicated as an important cause of acute gastroenteritis in children. This study was undertaken to determine if E.coli O157:H7 is an important cause of acute gastroenteritis in children in metropolitan Sydney. During the period from October 1990 to September 1991, stools from patients presenting with acute diarrhoea to The Children's Hospital, Camperdown, were examined for the presence of common bacterial pathogens. In addition, stools were grown on sorbitol McConkey agar and sorbitol non-fermenting organisms were serotyped with O157 antiserum by slide agglutination. The isolates were then tested with H7 antisera and investigated for the production of verocytotoxin and other pathogenic markers including plasmid-associated EHEC adhesin and chromosomally encoded attachment-effacement gene. Only two strains (isolated from two different patients, 0.1% of specimens tested) were agglutinated by O157 antiserum and both were non-motile (H-). However, both strains produced verotoxin and expressed other virulence markers, suggesting that they were responsible for the diarrhoea. Both patients experienced mild, self limited gastroenteritis. We conclude that E. coli O157:H7 is an uncommon cause of acute gastroenteritis in Sydney children presenting to a children's hospital

Possible substrates for Acetone-Butanol and Ethanol fermentation based on organic by-products

An assessment study was carried out on available biomass by-products in Hungary, and also several fruit juice wastes were evaluated for their accessibility to enzymatic hydrolysis. Among the fruit juice residue samples examined the best results were obtained with apple, peach, apricot and tomato. It can be shown that using intensive stirring, higher conversions can be reached. Highest conversion of 98 % - based on carbohydrate content - was obtained with frozen and thawed apple residues. ABE fermentation of apple pulp hydrolysate supplemented with glucose yielded high solvent concentrations up to 22.5 gil. For growth and solvent production supplementation by additional nutrients was not essential, however, this accelerated the process. Ethanol fermentation by baker's yeast was carried out on apple pulp hydrolysate supplemented with glucose. This also gave reasonable yields of about 90 % - based on glucose consumption