Les minéralisations Cu-(Ni-Bi-U-Au-Ag) d'Ifri (district du haut Seksaoua, Maroc) : apport de l'étude texturale au débat syngenèse versus épigenèse. <br /> The Cu---(Ni---Bi---U---Au---Ag) mineralization of Ifri (‘Haut Seksaoua' district, Morocco): contribution of a textural study to the discussion syngenetic versus epigenetic

The Cu ore of Ifri is a chalcopyrite stockwork hosted by Cambrian formations and was until now interpreted as a syngenetic massive sulphide deposit. Textural studies highlight two generations of pyrite early (Py I) and late (Py II) with respect to the regional deformation. The chalcopyrite stockwork overprinted Py II, outlining the epigenetic nature of the Cu mineralization. Regarding the origin of Cu-depositing fluids, the presence in the stockwork paragenesis of an U, W, Sn association and preliminary Pb/Pb dating of a brannerite belonging to this association suggest a contribution of the Tichka granite

Mise en place syntectonique des minéralisations cuprifères du gîte d'Ifri (district du Haut Seksaoua, Haut Atlas occidental, Maroc)---Syntectonic emplacement of the Ifri copper mineralization (High Seksaoua, western High Atlas, Morocco)

International audienceL'étude structurale et métallogénique (gîtologique) du gisement de cuivre d'Ifri (Haut Atlas occidental, Maroc) montre qu'une grande partie de la minéralisation est liée à un stockwerk, dont la formation est contrôlée par un cisaillement ductile tardi-hercynien à vergence NNW. Ce résultat significatif remet en question le caractère syngénétique jusqu'alors évoqué pour la minéralisation et permet ainsi de proposer un nouveau guide d'exploration pour ce type de gisement. Structural and metallogenic studies of the Ifri copper deposit (western High Atlas, Morocco) demonstrate that a great part of the mineralization was linked to a stockwork developed during a Late-Variscan NNW-verging shearing event. With this significant result, the until now accepted syngenetic character for this mineralization has to be reconsidered and allows to suggest a new guide of prospection for this kind of deposit

Example of a structurally controlled copper deposit from the Hercynian Western Hihg-Atlas (Morocco): the High-Seksaoua mining district.

International audienc

Electric Vehicle Charging Systems: Comprehensive Review

The high-voltage battery is a crucial element for EV traction systems. It is the primary energy source that must be regularly recharged to reach the autonomy declared by the manufacturer. Therefore, an EV charging system is required to ensure the battery charging process. This review thoroughly investigates the available EV charging technologies and the most popular batteries for EV applications. The contributions of this work can be summarized as follows: the classification and topologies of electric vehicle chargers are examined, an overview of the current EV charging standards is provided, the state-of-the-art of EV charging couplers is discussed, and the most widely used batteries in EV applications are reviewed

Adaptive Nonlinear Control of Salient-Pole PMSM for Hybrid Electric Vehicle Applications: Theory and Experiments

This research work deals with the problem of controlling a salient-pole permanent-magnet synchronous motor (SP-PMSM) used in hybrid electric vehicles. An adaptive nonlinear controller based on the backstepping technique is developed to meet the following requirements: control of the reference vehicle speed in the presence of load variation and changes in the internal motor parameters while keeping the reliability and stability of the vehicle. The complexity of the control problem lies on the system nonlinearity, instability and the problem of inaccessibility to measure all the internal parameters, such as inertia, friction and load variation. For this issue, an adaptive backstepping regulator is developed to estimate these parameters. On the basis of formal analysis and simulation, as well as test results, it is clearly shown that the designed controller achieves all the goals, namely robustness and reliability of the controller, stability of the system and speed control, considering the uncertainty parameters’ measurements

State-Feedback Control of Interleaved Buck&ndash;Boost DC&ndash;DC Power Converter with Continuous Input Current for Fuel Cell Energy Sources: Theoretical Design and Experimental Validation

It is well known that the classical topologies of Buck&ndash;Boost converters drain pulsating current from the power source. These pulsating currents entail acceleration of the aging rate of the fuel cell. In this paper, we are considering a Buck&ndash;Boost DC&ndash;DC converter topology featuring continuous input current. The converter interleaved structure ensures the substantial increase in power density compensating power losses related to the converter switching nature. The control objective is to enforce the DC-bus voltage to track its desired value despite load uncertainties and to ensure adequate current sharing between the different parallel modules of the fuel cell interleaved Buck&ndash;Boost converter (FC-IBBC). The point is that the internal voltage of the fuel cell is not accessible for measurement. Therefore, the state-feedback control, which consists of nonlinear control laws, is designed on the basis of a nonlinear model of the FC-IBBC system. We formally prove that the proposed controller meets its objectives, i.e., DC-bus voltage regulation and equal current sharing. The theoretical proof relies on the asymptotic stability analysis of the closed-loop system using Lyapunov stability tools. The theoretical results are well confirmed both by simulation, using MATLAB&reg;/Simulink&reg;, and by experimental tests using DS 1202 MicroLabBox