Quark Condensates in Nuclear Matter in the Global Color Symmetry Model of QCD

With the global color symmetry model being extended to finite chemical potential, we study the density dependence of the local and nonlocal scalar quark condensates in nuclear matter. The calculated results indicate that the quark condensates increase smoothly with the increasing of nuclear matter density before the critical value (about 12$\rho_0$) is reached. It also manifests that the chiral symmetry is restored suddenly as the density of nuclear matter reaches its critical value. Meanwhile, the nonlocal quark condensate in nuclear matter changes nonmonotonously against the space-time distance among the quarks.Comment: 15 pages, 3 figure

Exclusive decay of Υ\Upsilon into J/ψ+χc0,1,2J/\psi+\chi_{c0,1,2}

We study the $\Upsilon$ exclusive decay into double charmonium, specifically, the $S$-wave charmonium $J/\psi$ plus the $P$-wave charmonium $\chi_{c0,1,2}$ in the NRQCD factorization framework. Three distinct decay mechanisms, i.e., the strong, electromagnetic and radiative decay channels are included and their interference effects are investigated. The decay processes $\Upsilon(1S,2S,3S)\to J/\psi+\chi_{c1,0}$ are predicted to have the branching fractions of order $10^{-6}$, which should be observed in the prospective Super $B$ factory.Comment: 22 pages, 9 figures, 3 table

Reevaluation of the density dependence of nucleon radius and mass in the global color symmetry model of QCD

With the global color symmetry model (GCM) at finite chemical potential, the density dependence of the bag constant, the total energy and the radius of a nucleon in nuclear matter is investigated. A relation between the nuclear matter density and the chemical potential with the action of QCD being taken into account is obtained. A maximal nuclear matter density for the existence of the bag with three quarks confined within is given. The calculated results indicate that, before the maximal density is reached, the bag constant and the total energy of a nucleon decrease, and the radius of a nucleon increases slowly, with the increasing of the nuclear matter density. As the maximal nuclear matter density is reached, the mass of the nucleon vanishes and the radius becomes infinite suddenly. It manifests that a phase transition from nucleons to quarks takes place.Comment: 18 pages, 3 figure

Cultural Differences in Compliments

Today, English has become the most widely used language in the world. So understanding and knowing about cultural differences play a more and more important role in intercultural communication. There are various cultural differences between English language and Chinese language, such as greetings, form of address, politeness and social dos and don’ts shape. This paper mainly studies praise and compliments, and analyzes the following aspects: social functions; the sentence patterns of praise language; usage mode and concerned topics, the ways to respond, as well as the social causes of these cultural differences. Therefore, English learners should grasp social cultural knowledge of China and western countries when they studying English. In that case, people could avoid misunderstanding in intercultural communication. Key words：Intercultural communication, cultural difference, praise and compliments, social cause Résumé : Aujourd’hui, l’anglais est devenu la langue la plus populaire au monde . Donc , la compréhension et la connaissance des différences culturelles jouent un rôle de plus en plus important dans la communication interculturelle . De diverses différences culturelles existent entre l’anglais et le chinois , telles que la salutation , formule de s’adresser , de politesse , etc . Ce texte étudie principalement les louanges et les compliments , et analyse ces aspects ci-dessous : fonction sociale , les expressions de louange , la mode d’usage , les thèmes concernés , les moyens pour répondre ainsi que les causes sociales de ces différences culturelles . Par conséquent , les apprenants d’anglais doivent maîtriser les connaissances de la culture sociale chinoise et celles des pays occidentaux quand ils apprennent l’anglais . Dans ce cas , on peurrait éviter les malentendus le plus possible dans la communication interculturelle . Mots-clés : communication interculturelle, différence culturelle, louange et compliment, cause social