Expert Consensus on Microtransplant for Acute Myeloid Leukemia in Elderly Patients -Report From the International Microtransplant Interest Group

Recent studies have shown that microtransplant (MST) could improve outcome of patients with elderly acute myeloid leukemia (EAML). To further standardize the MST therapy and improve outcomes in EAML patients, based on analysis of the literature on MST, especially MST with EAML from January 1st, 2011 to November 30th, 2022, the International Microtransplant Interest Group provides recommendations and considerations for MST in the treatment of EAML. Four major issues related to MST for treating EAML were addressed: therapeutic principle of MST (1), candidates for MST (2), induction chemotherapy regimens (3), and post-remission therapy based on MST (4). Others included donor screening, infusion of donor cells, laboratory examinations, and complications of treatment

The Frequency and clinical significance of IDH1 mutations in Chinese acute myeloid leukemia patients.

OBJECTIVE: Mutations in the gene encoding isocitrate dehydrogenease 1 (IDH1) occur in various hematopoietic tumors including acute myeloid leukemia (AML), myeloproliferative neoplasms and myelodysplastic syndromes. IDH1 mutations are significant in both diagnosis and prognosis of these conditions. In the present study we determined the prevalence and clinical significance of IDH1 mutations in 349 samples from newly diagnosed AML patients. RESULTS: Of the 349 AML patient specimens analyzed, 35 (10.03%) were found to have IDH1 mutations including 4 IDH1 R132 mutations and 31 non-R132 mutations. IDH1 non-R132 mutations were largely concentrated within AML-M1 (35.72%, p<0.01). We identified five IDH1 mutations that were novel to AML: (1) c.299 G>A, p.R100Q; (2) c.311G>T, p.G104V; (3) c.322T>C, p.F108L; (4) c.356G>A, p.R119Q; and (5) c.388A>G, p.I130V. In addition, we identified three IDH1 mutations that were previously described in AML. The frequency of IDH1 mutations in AML patients with normal karyotype was 9.9%. IDH1 non-R132 mutations were concurrent with mutations in FLT3-ITD (p<0.01), CEBPA (p<0.01), and NRAS (p<0.01), as well as the overexpression of MN1 (p<0.01) and WT1(p<0.01). The overall survival (OS) in the patients with IDH1 non-R132 mutations compared to patients without IDH1 mutations don't reach statistically significance (median 521 days vs median: not reached; n.s.). CONCLUSION: IDH1 non-R132 mutations occurred frequently in newly diagnosed adult Chinese AML patients, and these mutations were associated with genetic alterations. The OS was not influenced by IDH1 non-R132 mutations in the present study

The Fluid Dynamic Process of Large-scale Mineralization in the Lanping Basin, Yunnan, SW China: Evidence from Fluid Inclusions and Basin Fluid Modeling

Abstract: The Lanping basin, Yunnan, SW China, is known for the giant Jinding Zn-Pb deposit and the newly-discovered Baiyangping Cu-Co-Ag super-large deposit. With a reserve of ~200 Mt ore grading 6.08% Zn and 1.29% Pb (i.e., a metal reserve of ~15 Mt) hosted in Cretaceous and Tertiary terrestrial rocks, the Jinding deposit is the largest Zn-Pb deposit in China, and also the youngest sediment-hosted and the only continental sediment-hosted super-large Zn-Pb deposit in the world. Differing from the known major types of sediment-hosted Zn-Pb deposits in the world, including SST, MVT and Sedex, the Jinding deposit represents a new type of sediment-hosted Zn-Pb deposits. Most previous studies assumed that the mineralizing fluids were derived from within the basin and the fluid flow was driven by topographic relief under a hydrostatic regime. However, the observations of hydraulic fractures and fluid inclusion data indicate that the mineralizing fluid system was strongly over-pressured. The study of fluid inclusions in sphalerites and associated gangue minerals (quartz, celestite, calcite, and gypsum) shows that homogenization temperatures cluster around 110-150˚C, with salinities of 1.6-18.0 wt% NaCl equivalent. The fluid temperature increases with the decrease of salinities during the main ore stages, and there is a systematic westward decrease in temperature and increase in salinity in the Jinding ore district. Fluid pressures as high as Key Words: fluid inclusions; fluid overpressures; basinal fluids; hydrodynamic modeling; Jinding; Lanping basin The Lanping basin, Yunnan, SW-China, is a famous metallogenic area where the Jinding is the largest Zn-Pb deposit in China with a metal reserve of ~15 Mt ① and the original mineralization reserve of 22 Mt including the XUE Chunji et al. / Earth Science Frontiers, 2007, 14(5): 147-157 potential metal under the bottom and the eroded metal on the top Similar to over 80% Zn-Pb reserve within sediment in the world A large number of geological and geochemical studies have been carried out, and various genetic models have been proposed, ever since the Jinding discovery in the 1960s. In the 1980s, the ore geological researches suggested a stratabound deposit with sedimentary and reforming processes Based on the above, this article reveals the mineralization dynamic processes by fluid inclusions researches and basinal fluid modeling. Regional and local geology The regional and local geology of the Lanping basin and the Jinding Zn-Pb deposit have been described in several articles here. The Lanping basin is the northern part of the Lanping-Simao basin, which is a narrow (about 50-150 km wide, and &gt;400 km long), NNW-trending intracontinental basin filled with Late Triassic to Neogene sediments up to more than 10 km thickness ( 2 The regularities of temporal-spatial change in temperature and salinity of ore-forming fluids and the calculation of pressure Fluid inclusions have been found in sphalerite and associated quartz, celestite, calcite, and gypsum in the Jinding ores The fluid inclusions were observed at room temperature under a microscope with two-side polished thin section of about 0.2 mm thickness. Three types of fluid inclusions, i.e., single-, two-and three-phase inclusions, were identified at room temperature Microthermometric studies were carried out on the LINKAM-TMS94 cooling-heating stage. The precision was 0.1°C for temperatures &lt;30°C, and 1-2°C for temperatures &gt;30°C. The 73 freezing-temperatures and 94 homogenizationtemperature data have been obtained The homogenization temperatures range from 54°C to 309°C XUE Chunji et al. / Earth Science Frontiers, 2007, 14(5): 147-157 Fig A-a single-phase liquid H 2 O inclusion (left) and a two-phase vapor-liquid H 2 O inclusion (right) in celestite; B-a two-phase vapor-liquid H 2 O inclusion in calcite; C-a two-phase vapor-liquid H 2 O inclusion in quartz; D-a single-phase liquid H 2 O inclusion (upper) in quartz and two three-phase liquid H 2 O-liquid CO 2 -vapor CO 2 inclusions (the other two on the right) in sphalerite; E-a three-phase liquid H 2 O-liquid CO 2 -vapor CO 2 inclusion in quartz; F-a three-phase liquid H 2 O-liquid CO 2 -vapor CO 2 inclusion in celestite; G-a three-phase liquid H2O-liquid CO 2 -vapor CO 2 inclusion in celestite. ( There is a general trend of westward decrease in homogenization temperatures in the Jinding ore district. The average homogenization temperature of all the T h measurements changes from 170°C in the eastern part of the ore district (Paomaping, Jiayashan and Beichang) to 95°C in the western part (Xipo and Fengzishan). The average homogenization temperatures for different minerals also show similar trends: 182°C (east)-125°C (west) for sphalerite, 182°C (east)-103°C (west) for celestite, 163°C (east)-88°C (west) for calcite, and 111°C (east)-74°C (west) for gypsum. The first melting temperatures of the aqueous fluid inclusions range from -17°C to -23°C, suggesting an NaCl-(KCl)-H 2 O system. The salinities range from 1.6 to 18.0 wt% NaCl equivalent Basin fluid dynamic modeling To reveal the reason of high fluid pressures in the large-scale mineralization, the evolution of fluid pressures in the Lanping basin was simulated using the Basin2 TM version The modeling results indicate that minor amounts of overpressures were developed from T 3 to K 1 and were dissipated during K 2-3 (hiatus). Negligible fluid overpressures were developed during E 1 deposition in the two depocenters Conclusions and discussion The main mineralization processes in the Jinding ore-district, Lanping basin, were accompanied by the temperature increase and the salinity decrease of the ore fluid, and the fluid temperature and salinity were both low in the late ore-stage. The negative relationship between the temperature and the salinity in the main ore-stage is the same as the mixing result of two types of fluids, one may be deep-derived higher temperature and lower salinity ore-bearing fluid, and the other may be lower temperature and higher salinity basin brine, by calculation and experimental modeling The ore fluid had an overpressure of (513-1364)×10 5 Pa revealed by CO 2 -rich fluid inclusions. The hydraulic fractures can often be observed in the ore deposits, and there were fluid overpressures during the large-scale mineralization. However, minor amounts of fluid overpressures were developed in the basin sedimentation and compaction, and the thrusting nappe could produce a fluid overpressure of only 170×10 5 Pa. Why was the ore fluid overpressure up to 1364×10 5 Pa? The deep background of Lanping-Simao basin suggested a potential mantle-crust compound mineralizatio

Identifying barley pan-genome sequence anchors using genetic mapping and machine learning

Key message: We identified 1.844 million barley pan-genome sequence anchors from 12,306 genotypes using genetic mapping and machine learning. Abstract: There is increasing evidence that genes from a given crop genotype are far to cover all genes in that species; thus, building more comprehensive pan-genomes is of great importance in genetic research and breeding. Obtaining a thousand-genotype scale pan-genome using deep-sequencing data is currently impractical for species like barley which has a huge and highly repetitive genome. To this end, we attempted to identify barley pan-genome sequence anchors from a large quantity of genotype-by-sequencing (GBS) datasets by combining genetic mapping and machine learning algorithms. Based on the GBS sequences from 11,166 domesticated and 1140 wild barley genotypes, we identified 1.844 million pan-genome sequence anchors. Of them, 532,253 were identified as presence/absence variation (PAV) tags. Through aligning these PAV tags to the genome of hulless barley genotype Zangqing320, our analysis resulted in a validation of 83.6% of them from the domesticated genotypes and 88.6% from the wild barley genotypes. Association analyses against flowering time, plant height and kernel size showed that the relative importance of the PAV and non-PAV tags varied for different traits. The pan-genome sequence anchors based on GBS tags can facilitate the construction of a comprehensive pan-genome and greatly assist various genetic studies including identification of structural variation, genetic mapping and breeding in barley.</p

Incidence of different subtypes of <i>IDH1</i> mutations.

<p>Eight <i>IDH1</i> mutations were detected in 35/349 patients.</p

Genetic alterations in AML patients with/without <i>IDH1</i> mutations.

<p>Genetic alterations in AML patients with/without <i>IDH1</i> mutations.</p