Economic Analysis of Frequent Disasters in Chinese Coal-mining Enterprises

Disasters occurred frequently in Chinese coal-mining enterprises has attracted significant coverage from the whole society. Employer will invest in safety and health improvement until the cost is more than the expense of paying higher wages, compensation of employees’ death and other accident and illness costs. Thus, market price of product, rate of worker’ wage and government regulation are highly imperfect alternatives concerning the reduction of disasters in coal and mine enterprises. As a result, continued reliance on all three approaches, a rational mechanism among government, employee and employer should be established. Key Words: Disasters in coal-mining enterprises; Market price of product; Rate of workers’ wage; Government regulation cost Résumé Les désastres fréquentes dans les mines chinoises ont attiré l’attention de tous les milieux sociaux. Les employeurs ne pourront investir pour l’amélioration de la sécurité et de la santé qu’au moment où le coût est largement supérieur à la dépense du saleire, à la compensation de la santé des employés et à d’autres coûts d’accidents et de maladies. Pourtant, le prix du marché des produits, le taux du salaires des employés et à la régulation gouvernementale sont imparfaits dans les interventions de l’amélioration de l’environnement. Pour réduires les désastres des mines, il faut trois solutions de régulation pour créer un système de fonctionnement logique. Mots-clés: Les désastres dans les mines chinoises, le prix du marché des produits, le taux du salaires des employés, le coût de la régulation gouvernementale 摘 要 佔據中國能源重要地位的礦業企業內頻繁發生的礦難引起社會各界的關注。只有對工人的補償大於改善環境的支付時，礦主才會為改善生產環境安全狀況投資。文章通過對影響礦主行為的產品市場價格、工人工作率和政府規製成本的經濟學分析，闡述了礦難屢禁不止的原因。產品市場價格、工人工作率和政府規製成本在改善安全環境方面的作用，都是有缺陷的。要減少礦難的發生，必須綜合運用三種調節方式，建立合理的運行機制。關鍵詞：礦難；產品市場價格；工人工資率；政府規製成

Spindle oscillations are generated in the dorsal thalamus and modulated by the thalamic reticular nucleus

Spindle waves occur during the early stage of slow wave sleep and are thought to arise in the thalamic reticular nucleus (TRN), causing inhibitory postsynaptic potential spindle-like oscillations in the dorsal thalamus that are propagated to the cortex. We have found that thalamocortical neurons exhibit membrane oscillations that have spindle frequencies, consist of excitatory postsynaptic potentials, and co-occur with electroencephalographic spindles. TRN lesioning prolonged oscillations in the medial geniculate body (MGB) and auditory cortex (AC). Injection of GABA~A~ antagonist into the MGB decreased oscillation frequency, while injection of GABA~B~ antagonist increased spindle oscillations in the MGB and cortex. Thus, spindles originate in the dorsal thalamus and TRN inhibitory inputs modulate this process, with fast inhibition facilitating the internal frequency and slow inhibition limiting spindle occurrence

Higher-Order Nonlinear Anomalous Hall Effects Induced by Berry Curvature Multipoles

In recent years, it has been shown that Berry curvature monopoles and dipoles play essential roles in the anomalous Hall effect and the nonlinear Hall effect respectively. In this work, we demonstrate that Berry curvature multipoles (the higher moments of Berry curvatures at the Fermi energy) can induce higher-order nonlinear anomalous Hall (NLAH) effect. Specifically, an AC Hall voltage perpendicular to the current direction emerges, where the frequency is an integer multiple of the frequency of the applied current. Importantly, by analyzing the symmetry properties of all the 3D and 2D magnetic point groups, we note that the quadrupole, hexapole and even higher Berry curvature moments can cause the leading-order frequency multiplication in certain materials. To provide concrete examples, we point out that the third-order NLAH voltage can be the leading-order Hall response in certain antiferromagnets due to Berry curvature quadrupoles, and the fourth-order NLAH voltage can be the leading response in the surface states of topological insulators induced by Berry curvature hexapoles. Our results are established by symmetry analysis, effective Hamiltonian and first-principles calculations. Other materials which support the higher-order NLAH effect are further proposed, including 2D antiferromagnets and ferromagnets, Weyl semimetals and twisted bilayer graphene near the quantum anomalous Hall phase.Comment: 17 pages, 5 figure

6-Benzyl-3-[(6-chloro­pyridin-3-yl)meth­yl]-6,7-dihydro-3H-1,2,3-triazolo[4,5-d]pyrimidin-7-imine

The title compound, C17H14ClN7, crystallizes with two independent mol­ecules in the asymmetric unit. Inter­molecular N—H⋯N and C—H⋯N hydrogen bonds contribute to the stability of the crystal structure. In addition, weak C—H⋯π and π–π stacking [centroid–centroid distances of 3.699 (8) and 3.699 (6) Å] interactions are observed

Quantum phase transition of light in a 1-D photon-hopping-controllable resonator array

We give a concrete experimental scheme for engineering the insulator-superfluid transition of light in a one-dimensional (1-D) array of coupled superconducting stripline resonators. In our proposed architecture, the on-site interaction and the photon hopping rate can be tuned independently by adjusting the transition frequencies of the charge qubits inside the resonators and at the resonator junctions, respectively, which permits us to systematically study the quantum phase transition of light in a complete parameter space. By combining the techniques of photon-number-dependent qubit transition and fast read-out of the qubit state using a separate low-Q resonator mode, the statistical property of the excitations in each resonator can be obtained with a high efficiency. An analysis of the various decoherence sources and disorders shows that our scheme can serve as a guide to coming experiments involving a small number of coupled resonators.Comment: 7 pages, 4 figure

Regulation of LYRM1 Gene Expression by Free Fatty Acids, Adipokines, and Rosiglitazone in 3T3-L1 Adipocytes

LYR motif containing 1 (LYRM1) is a novel gene that is abundantly expressed in the adipose tissue of obese subjects and is involved in insulin resistance. In this study, free fatty acids (FFAs) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) are shown to upregulate LYRM1 mRNA expression in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Conversely, resistin and rosiglitazone exert an inhibitory effect on LYRM1 mRNA expression. These results suggest that the expression of LYRM1 mRNA is affected by a variety of factors that are related to insulin sensitivity. LYRM1 may be an important mediator in the development of obesity-related insulin resistance