sp-Carbon Incorporated Conductive Metal-Organic Framework as Photocathode for Photoelectrochemical Hydrogen Generation

Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have attracted increasing interest for broad applications in catalysis and gas separation due to their high porosity. However, the insulating feature and the limited active sites hindered MOFs as photocathode active materials for application in photoelectrocatalytic hydrogen generation. Herein, we develop a layered conductive two-dimensional conjugated MOF (2D c-MOF) comprising sp-carbon active sites based on arylene-ethynylene macrocycle ligand via CuO4 linking, named as Cu3HHAE2. This sp-carbon 2D c-MOF displays apparent semiconducting behavior and broad light absorption till the near-infrared band (1600 nm). Due to the abundant acetylene units, the Cu3HHAE2 could act as the first case of MOF photocathode for photoelectrochemical (PEC) hydrogen generation and presents a record hydrogen-evolution photocurrent density of ≈260 μA cm−2 at 0 V vs. reversible hydrogen electrode among the structurally-defined cocatalyst-free organic photocathodes

Eine sp-Kohlenstoffhaltige Leitfähige Metallorganische Gerüstverbindung als Photokathode für die Photoelektrochemische Wasserstoffentwicklung

Metallorganische Gerüstverbindungen (englisch metal–organic frameworks, MOFs) sind aufgrund ihrer hohen Porosität von großem Interesse für eine Vielzahl von Anwendungen in der Katalyse und Gastrennung. Eine begrenzte Anzahl an aktiven Zentren sowie das Verhalten als elektrischer Isolator machen den Einsatz von MOFs als aktives Photokathodenmaterial für die photoelektrokatalytische Wasserstoffproduktion allerdings nicht möglich. Wir berichten hiermit von der Entwicklung eines gestapelten, leitfähigen, zweidimensional-konjugierten MOFs (englisch 2D conjugated MOF, 2D c-MOF) welches aktive sp-Kohlenstoffzentren enthält. Der MOF Cu3HHAE2 basiert auf einem makrozyklischen Aryl-Alkin Liganden, welcher via CuO4 Einheiten verknüpft ist. Dieser sp-Kohlenstoff haltige 2D c-MOF zeigt Halbleitereigenschaften und eine breite Absorption bis in den nah-infraroten Bereich (1600 nm). Erstmalig kann dank der hohen Anzahl an Dreifachbindungen Cu3HHAE2 als MOF-Photokathode für die photoelektrochemische (PEC) Wasserstoffentwicklung verwendet werden. Verglichen mit anderen strukturell definierten, co-Katalysator freien organischen Photokathoden, zeigt er eine Rekordphotostromdichte für die Wasserstoffentwicklung von ≈ 260 μAcm⁻ ² bei 0 V gegen die reversible Wasserstoffelektrode (englisch reversible hydrogen electrode RHE)

Working Vibration Analysis of the Bearing Plate on Roadheader Test Bed

In order to research the vibration characteristics of the bearing plate on roadheader test bed to bear the roadheaders with different parameters, this paper establishes a multi-body dynamic model for the bearing plate to bear the roadheaders by using the theory of multi-body dynamics, and analyzes and determines a mathematical model of loads between the track and the bearing plate. By modal analysis of multi-body dynamic model of the roadheader, this paper extracts the modal shape of the system, and draws a frequency response diagram for system vibration, and obtains a larger vibration frequency range. To further explore the vibration characteristics, this paper researches the damping of different hydraulic systems, different mass, stiffness parameters and the impact of the roadheader on the vibration of the bearing plate on the test bed by using the computer numerical simulation, and obtains the longitudinal vibration characteristics of three test points in the geometric center, namely, cutting head, cantilever and engine body. The research results show that the mass of the road-header on the test bed is increased by 6%, and the longitudinal amplitudes of the cutting head and cantilever are respectively reduced by 37% and 19%; the damping of the hydraulic system of the roadheader is increased by 19%, and the longitudinal amplitudes of the cutting head, cantilever and engine body are respectively reduced by 33%, 23% and 16%; the stiffness of the engine body doubles, and the longitudinal amplitudes of the cutting head and cantilever are respectively reduced by 35.8% and 27%. The results are consistent with the underground industrial test so as to provide a regularity basis for load analysis of the test bed bearing the roadheaders with different parameters

Working Vibration Analysis of the Bearing Plate on Roadheader Test Bed

In order to research the vibration characteristics of the bearing plate on roadheader test bed to bear the roadheaders with different parameters, this paper establishes a multi-body dynamic model for the bearing plate to bear the roadheaders by using the theory of multi-body dynamics, and analyzes and determines a mathematical model of loads between the track and the bearing plate. By modal analysis of multi-body dynamic model of the roadheader, this paper extracts the modal shape of the system, and draws a frequency response diagram for system vibration, and obtains a larger vibration frequency range. To further explore the vibration characteristics, this paper researches the damping of different hydraulic systems, different mass, stiffness parameters and the impact of the roadheader on the vibration of the bearing plate on the test bed by using the computer numerical simulation, and obtains the longitudinal vibration characteristics of three test points in the geometric center, namely, cutting head, cantilever and engine body. The research results show that the mass of the road-header on the test bed is increased by 6%, and the longitudinal amplitudes of the cutting head and cantilever are respectively reduced by 37% and 19%; the damping of the hydraulic system of the roadheader is increased by 19%, and the longitudinal amplitudes of the cutting head, cantilever and engine body are respectively reduced by 33%, 23% and 16%; the stiffness of the engine body doubles, and the longitudinal amplitudes of the cutting head and cantilever are respectively reduced by 35.8% and 27%. The results are consistent with the underground industrial test so as to provide a regularity basis for load analysis of the test bed bearing the roadheaders with different parameters

Seismic Response Mitigation of a Long-Span Tower Bridge with Two Types of Constraint System

The stress of the main tower of a cable-stayed bridge depends on the connection type between the tower and deck. In order to study the most suitable longitudinal damping mode for a long-span cable-stayed bridge. In this article, a nonlinear finite element model is established based on a large span concrete cable-stayed bridge with a main span of 680 m. Without considering the influence of the transverse constraint, the damping effect of the elastic connection device and the viscous damper is simulated when the longitudinal seismic load is input. The results show that the stiffness of the main beam is increased by installing the elastic connection device, so the longitudinal drift frequency of the main beam is increased, but the stiffness of the structure is not changed by installing the viscous damper. Both viscous dampers and elastic connection structures can reduce the longitudinal displacement of the beam end, but viscous dampers are more favorable for the stress of the main tower. In terms of damping effect, viscous dampers are more suitable for long-span cable-stayed bridges, but, in terms of economy and parameter control, elastic connection devices have more advantages

Working Vibration Analysis of the Bearing Plate on Roadheader Test Bed

In order to research the vibration characteristics of the bearing plate on roadheader test bed to bear the roadheaders with different parameters, this paper establishes a multi-body dynamic model for the bearing plate to bear the roadheaders by using the theory of multi-body dynamics, and analyzes and determines a mathematical model of loads between the track and the bearing plate. By modal analysis of multi-body dynamic model of the roadheader, this paper extracts the modal shape of the system, and draws a frequency response diagram for system vibration, and obtains a larger vibration frequency range. To further explore the vibration characteristics, this paper researches the damping of different hydraulic systems, different mass, stiffness parameters and the impact of the roadheader on the vibration of the bearing plate on the test bed by using the computer numerical simulation, and obtains the longitudinal vibration characteristics of three test points in the geometric center, namely, cutting head, cantilever and engine body. The research results show that the mass of the road-header on the test bed is increased by 6%, and the longitudinal amplitudes of the cutting head and cantilever are respectively reduced by 37% and 19%; the damping of the hydraulic system of the roadheader is increased by 19%, and the longitudinal amplitudes of the cutting head, cantilever and engine body are respectively reduced by 33%, 23% and 16%; the stiffness of the engine body doubles, and the longitudinal amplitudes of the cutting head and cantilever are respectively reduced by 35.8% and 27%. The results are consistent with the underground industrial test so as to provide a regularity basis for load analysis of the test bed bearing the roadheaders with different parameters

Adherence to High Dietary Diversity and Incident Cognitive Impairment for the Oldest-Old: A Community-Based, Nationwide Cohort Study

Background and aims: Dietary diversity change is associated with cognitive function, however, whether the effect still exists among the oldest-old (80+) is unclear. Our aim was to examine the effect of dietary diversity changes on cognitive impairment for the oldest-old in a large prospective cohort. Methods: Within the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Study, 6237 adults older than 80 years were included. The dietary diversity score (DDS) was assessed by a simplified food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Cognitive impairment was defined as a Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) score lower than 18 points. Cognitive decline was defined as a reduction of total MMSE score ≥3 points, and cognitive decline of different subdomains was defined as a reduction of ≥15% in the corresponding cognitive domain. The multivariate-adjusted Cox proportional hazard model evaluated the effects of DDS change on cognitive decline. The linear mixed-effect model was used to test subsequent changes in MMSE over the years. Results: During 32,813 person-years of follow-up, 1829 participants developed cognitive impairment. Relative to the high–high DDS change pattern, participants in the low–low and high–low patterns were associated with an increased risk of cognitive impairment with a hazard ratio (95% confidential interval, CI) of 1.43 (1.25, 1.63) and 1.44 (1.24, 1.67), and a faster decline in the MMSE score over the follow-up year. Participants with the low–high pattern had a similar incidence of cognitive impairment with HRs (95% CI) of 1.03 (0.88, 1.20). Compared with the stable DDS status group (−1–1), the risk of cognitive impairment was higher for those with large declines in DDS (≤−5) and the HR was 1.70 (95% CI: 1.44, 2.01). Conclusions: Even for people older than 80, dietary diversity change is a simple method to identify those who had a high risk of cognitive decline. Keeping high dietary diversity is beneficial for cognitive function and its subdomain even in the final phase of life, especially for females and the illiterate oldest-old

A facile preparation of FePt-loaded few-layer MoS2 nanosheets nanocomposites (F-MoS2-FePt NCs) and their application for colorimetric detection of H2O2 in living cells

Abstract Background Rapid and sensitive detection of H2O2 especially endogenous H2O2 is of great importance for series of industries including disease diagnosis and therapy. In this work, uniform FePt nanoparticles are successfully anchored onto Few-layer molybdenum disulfide nanosheets (F-MoS2 NSs). The powder X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, UV–Vis spectra and atomic force microscopy were employed to confirm the structure of the obtained nanocomposites (F-MoS2-FePt NCs). The prepared nanocomposites show efficient peroxidase-like catalytic activities verified by catalyzing the peroxidation substrate 4,4′-diamino-3,3′,5,5′-tetramethylbiphenyl (TMB) with the existence of H2O2. Results The optimal conditions of the constructed colorimetric sensing platform is proved as 35 °C and pH 4.2. Under optimal catalytic conditions, the detection limit for H2O2 detection reaches 2.24 μM and the linear ranger is 8 μM to 300 μM. Furthermore, the proposed colorimetric sensing platform was successfully utilized to detect the intracellular H2O2 of cancer cells (MCF-7). Conclusions These findings indicated that the F-MoS2-FePt-TMB-H2O2 system provides a potential sensing platform for hydrogen peroxide monitoring in living cells

Combined Soluble Fiber-Mediated Intestinal Microbiota Improve Insulin Sensitivity of Obese Mice

Dietary fiber, an important regulator of intestinal microbiota, is a promising tool for preventing obesity and related metabolic disorders. However, the functional links between dietary fiber, intestinal microbiota, and obesity phenotype are still not fully understood. Combined soluble fiber (CSF) is a synthetic mixture of polysaccharides and displays high viscosity, water-binding capacity, swelling capacity, and fermentability. We found that supplementing high-fat diet (HFD) with 6% CSF significantly improved the insulin sensitivity of obese mice without affecting their body weight. Replacing the HFD with normal chow basal diet (NCD), the presence of CSF in the feed significantly enhanced satiety, decreased energy intake, promoted weight and fat loss, and augmented insulin sensitivity. CSF also improved the intestinal morphological integrity, attenuated systemic inflammation, promoted intestinal microbiota homeostasis, and stabilized the production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) that was perturbed during HFD-induced obesity, and these stabilizing effects were more prominent when the basal diet was switched to NCD. The enrichment of bacteria of the S24-7 family and Allobaculum genus increased markedly in the intestine following 6% CSF supplementation- and correlated with decreased adiposity and insulin resistance. Five bacterial genera that were decreased by CSF, including Oscillospira, unclassified Lachonospitaceae, unclassified Clostridiales, unclassified Desulfovibrionaceae, and unclassified Ruminococcae, were subjected to co-occurrence network analysis and were positively correlated to adiposity and insulin resistance, indicating a key role in the microbial response to CSF. Thus, CSF has a potential to promote insulin sensitivity and even reduce obesity via beneficial regulation of the gut microecosystem

The Effect of Functional Fiber on Microbiota Composition in Different Intestinal Segments of Obese Mice

The gastrointestinal tract is a heterogeneous ecosystem with distinct, stratified environments, which leads to different microbial composition in different intestinal segments. The regional heterogeneity of intestinal microbiota complicates the relationship between diet and microbiota. Few studies have focused on the effects of different diets on microbiota in different intestinal segments. This study aimed to investigate the effects of functional fiber on the microbial composition in multiple intestinal segments from a high-fat diet compared with a normal chow diet. We found that the response of microbiota from different intestinal segments to diet was related to the intestinal physiologic function and the physicochemical properties of dietary nutrients. A high-fat diet drove changes in the microbial composition in the hindgut, possibly by affecting the digestive environment of the foregut, and increased the regional heterogeneity of the whole intestinal microbiota. The supplementation of functional fiber promoted the microbial transfer and colonization from the anterior to the posterior intestinal segments, and increased the regional similarity of intestinal microbiota accordingly, particularly within the hindgut. The gut fermentation of the functional fiber, which mainly occurred in the hindgut, resulted in a significant change in the microbial composition and metabolism in the cecum and colon, with richer carbohydrate metabolism-related bacteria, including Mucispirillum, Prevotella, Anaerostipes, Oscillospira, Ruminococcus, Bacteroides, Coprococcus, Ruminococcus (Lachnospiraceae), and Allobaculum, and higher production of acetate and butyrate. We concluded that multiple regulatory mechanisms of diets which affect microbiota composition exist, including microbial metabolism, microbial migration, and the regulation of the intestinal environment