Dynamical interpretation of the wavefunction of the universe

In this paper, we study the physical meaning of the wavefunction of the universe. With the continuity equation derived from the Wheeler-DeWitt (WDW) equation in the minisuperspace model, we show that the quantity $\rho(a)=|\psi(a)|^2$ for the universe is inversely proportional to the Hubble parameter of the universe. Thus, $\rho(a)$ represents the probability density of the universe staying in the state $a$ during its evolution, which we call the dynamical interpretation of the wavefunction of the universe. We demonstrate that the dynamical interpretation can predict the evolution laws of the universe in the classical limit as those given by the Friedmann equation. Furthermore, we show that the value of the operator ordering factor $p$ in the WDW equation can be determined to be $p=-2$

Epiphyllous Hepaticae of Kowloon Peninsula (Hong Kong)

Twenty-eight species of epiphyllous liverworts were identified from twenty-five sites in Kowloon Peninsula, Hong Kong. Twenty-four of these species are new records to Hong Kong, while four of them are new epiphyllous records to the Chinese mainland. The majority of the sites are located between 30-200 m above sea level, representing the lowest altitude of epiphyllous liverworts found in the Chinese mainland. Characteristics of the host plants bearing epiphyllous liverworts are briefly discussed. The following new combination is proposed: Cololejeunea pseudolatilobula (Chen & Wu) But & Gao comb. nov. (Pedinolejeunea pseudolatilobula Chen & Wu)

Intrinsic Regularization Method in QCD

There exist certain intrinsic relations between the ultraviolet divergent graphs and the convergent ones at the same loop order in renormalizable quantum field theories. Whereupon we may establish a new method, the intrinsic regularization method, to regularize those divergent graphs. In this paper, we apply this method to QCD at the one loop order. It turns out to be satisfactory:The gauge invariance is preserved manifestly and the results are the same as those derived by means of other regularization methods.Comment: 18 pages, LaTeX , 7 figures in a separate compressed postscript fil