Multilingual Lexical Semantic Resources for Ontology Translation

We describe the integration of some multilingual language resources in ontological descriptions, with the purpose of providing ontologies, which are normally using concept labels in just one (natural) language, with multilingual facility in their design and use in the context of Semantic Web applications, supporting both the semantic annotation of textual documents with multilingual ontology labels and ontology extraction from multilingual text sources

Bathymetry and Sediment Geochemistry of Lake Hazen (Quttinirpaaq National Park, Ellesmere Island, Nunavut)

Arctic lakes can provide a long-term perspective on environmental change, including trends in long-range atmospheric transport and deposition of contaminants, inferred from studies of sediment cores. In this study, we conducted the first detailed bathymetric survey of Lake Hazen (Quttinirpaaq National Park, Ellesmere Island, Nunavut), the world’s largest lake north of 74˚ latitude. With these data we were able to determine optimal locations for sediment coring and to collect and analyze profundal sediment cores. A bathymetric map of Lake Hazen was developed on the basis of 362 spot soundings obtained with GPS-coupled sounding equipment placed directly on the ice combined with additional soundings from a small boat. The deepest point in the lake (81˚49.5ʹ N; 70˚42.8ʹ W) was found to be 267 m deep. The lake volume was estimated to be 5.14 × 1010 m3, about 10% larger than previous estimates. Using estimates of the discharge of Lake Hazen from the Water Survey of Canada, we estimated the water retention time to be 89 years. Sediment cores were dated using 210Pb and 137Cs. Sedimentation rates at the deep point, estimated using the Constant Rate of Supply model for excess 210Pb, were relatively high (1260 g m-2yr-1) in the period 2005 – 1963 and lower (650 ± 100 g m-2yr-1) in horizons dated to 1950 – 1880. The majority of elements measured in sediment (24 of 29 consistently above detection limits), as well as organic carbon, showed less than 20% variation in concentrations in the top 10 cm (compacted depth), which represent deposition over approximately 140 years. Geochemical characteristics of the sediment suggest that erosional inputs from annual glacial melting are the major source of essentially all elements and that anthropogenic inputs from long-range transport of toxic metals such as mercury and lead are very low.Les lacs de l’Arctique peuvent fournir une perspective à long terme en matière de changement environnemental, notamment en ce qui a trait aux tendances relatives au transport atmosphérique et au dépôt de contaminants sur de longues périodes, tendances inférées à partir d’études de carottes de sédiments. Dans le cadre de la présente étude, nous avons effectué le premier levé bathymétrique détaillé du lac Hazen (parc national Quttinirpaaq, île d’Ellesmere, Nunavut), le plus grand lac de la planète situé au nord de 74˚ de latitude. Grâce aux données prélevées, nous avons réussi à déterminer les meilleurs emplacements pour le prélèvement de carottes de sédiments de même que pour la collecte et l’analyse de carottes de sédiments profonds. Une carte bathymétrique du lac Hazen a été dressée en fonction de 362 sondages obtenus au moyen de matériel d’appareils phoniques dotés de GPS placés directement sur la glace et supplémentés par des sondages recueillis à partir d’un petit bateau. Le point le plus profond du lac (81˚49,5ʹ N; 70˚42,8ʹ O) a été trouvé à 267 m de profondeur. Le volume du lac a été évalué à 5,14 × 1010 m3, soit 10 % de plus que les évaluations précédentes. À l’aide d’estimations du déversement du lac Hazen obtenues auprès de la Division des relevés hydrologiques du Canada, nous avons évalué que la durée de rétention de l’eau était de 89 ans. La datation des carottes de sédiments a été faite à l’aide de 210Pb et de 137Cs. Les taux de sédimentation au point profond, estimés en s’appuyant sur le modèle CRS (Constant Rate of Supply) pour l’excédent 210Pb, étaient relativement élevés (1260 g m-2an-1) pour la période allant de 2005 à 1963, et moins élevés (650 ± 100 g m-2an-1) pour la période de 1950 à 1880. La majorité des éléments mesurés dans les sédiments (24 sur 29 étaient uniformément au-dessus des seuils de détection) ainsi que dans le carbone organique ont produit une variation de concentrations de moins de 20 % dans les 10 cm supérieurs (profondeur compactée), ce qui représente des dépôts s’échelonnant sur environ 140 ans. Les caractéristiques géochimiques des sédiments laissent présumer que les matières d’érosion découlant de la fonte glaciaire annuelle constituent la source principale de sensiblement tous les éléments, et que les matières anthropiques provenant du transport à grande distance de métaux toxiques, tels que le mercure et le plomb, sont très faibles

DID DROUGHT AFFECT SOME FERTILITY TRAITS AND LAMB BIRTH WEIGHT OF SLOVENIAN AUTOCHTHONOUS SHEEP BREEDS?

Cilj istraživanja bio je utvrditi jesu li ekstremni okolišni uvjeti, odnosno suša i visoke temperature tijekom vegetacijskog razdoblja, utjecali na neke parametre plodnosti i porodnu masu janjadi. Istraživanjem je obuhvaćeno 14.562 grla slovenskih autohtonih pasmina ovaca s ukupno 46.434 zapisa o plodnosti i porodnoj masi janjadi. Ovce su se janjile od siječnja 2002. do prosinca 2006. godine na 247 gospodarstava na području Slovenije. Zapisi su iz centralne baze podataka Selekcijske službe, Biotehniška Fakulteta, Oddelek za zootehniku. Od ukupnog broja ovaca 34,35% bilo je jezersko-solčavske pasmine (JS), 52,41% oplemenjene jezersko-solčavske (OJS), dok je 13,24% ovaca pripadalo bovskoj (B) pasmini. Gospodarstva su s obzirom na veličinu stada podijeljena u tri razreda, S ( 100 ovaca). Za ocjenu sistematskog utjecaja godine janjenja ovisno o pasmini na parametre plodnosti (broj rođene i živorođene janjadi u leglu, te broj janjenja po godini) korištena je neparametrijska analiza, dok je za ocjenu sistematskih utjecaja pasmine, veličine stada i godine janjenja na prosječnu porodnu masu janjadi korišten linearni model fiksnih utjecaja. Utvrđeno je da godina janjenja statistički značajno (P 0,05) utjecaj. Pasmina, veličina stada i godina janjenja statistički vrlo značajno (P < 0,001) utječu na prosječnu porodnu masu janjadi. Pad veličine legla, odnosno broja rođene i živorođene janjadi u leglu svih promatranih pasmina u 2004. u odnosu na 2003. godinu vjerojatno je uzrokovan ekstremno visokim temperaturama i sušom tijekom 2003. godine. Pad prosječnoga broja janjenja godišnje u jezersko-solčavske i oplemenjene jezersko-solčavske pasmine u 2004. u odnosu na 2003. također je vjerojatno uzrokovan ekstremnom sušom u 2003. godini. Oscilacije u prosječnoj porodnoj masi janjadi svih pasmina vjerojatno su posljedica klimatskih uvjeta u promatranom razdoblju. Smatramo da je uočeno smanjivanje parametara plodnosti (veličine legla i broja janjenja godišnje) i oscilacije prosječne porodne mase janjadi po godinama janjenja uzrokovano problemima u hranidbi zbog ekstremnih vremenskih neprilika, osobito izraženih u 2003. godini.The aim of this research was to determine effect of extreme environmental conditions such as drought and high temperatures during the vegetation period on some fertility traits and birth weight of lambs. The data used in this study were 46,434 records of fertility and birth weight collected on 14,562 sheep of Slovenian autochthonous breeds. Sheep lambed from January 2002 to December 2006 on 247 family farms in Slovenia. Records are from central data base of Selection Service, Biotechnical Faculty, Department for Animal Science. 34,35% represented the Jezersko-Solcava sheep (JS), 52.41% the Improved Jezersko-Solcava sheep (OJS), while 13.24% of sheep belonged to the Bovec Sheep (B). According to flock size, farms were divided into three classes, S (_ 100 sheep). Nonparametric analysis was used for estimation of lambing year fixed effect in relation to breed on fertility parameters (number of born and liveborn lambs in litter, and number of lambing per year). For estimation of breed, flock size and lambing year effect on birth weight of lambs fixed effect linear model was used. Lambing year statistically significantly (P< 0.05) influenced the litter size, number of born and liveborn lambs in litter of the Jezersko-Solcava sheep, the Improved Jezersko-Solcava sheep and the Bovec sheep breed, respectively. Lambing year statistically significantly (P< 0.05) influenced the number of lambing per year in the Jezersko-Solcava sheep and the Improved Jezersko-Solcava sheep breed, while in the Bovec sheep the lambing year had no statistically significant (P > 0.05) effect. Breed, flock size and lambing year statistically highly significantly (P < 0.001) influencedthe average birth weight of lambs. Extremely high temperatures and drought during year 2003 probably caused a decrease of litter size in all analysed breeds in year 2004 when compared to year 2003. In addition, the number of lambing per year in the Jezersko-Solcava Sheep and the Improved Jezersko-Solcava sheep breed decreased in year 2004 when compared to year 2003 probably as the result of extreme drought in 2003. Variation in average lamb birth weight of all analysed breeds was probably the consequence of climate conditions in the research period. In conclusion, the determined decrease of fertility parameters (litter size and number of lambing per year) and variation in average birth weight per lambing year can probably be attributed to feeding problems due to extreme climate conditions, particularly expressed in year 2003

Why Do Only Some Galaxy Clusters Have Cool Cores?

Flux-limited X-ray samples indicate that about half of rich galaxy clusters have cool cores. Why do only some clusters have cool cores while others do not? In this paper, cosmological N-body + Eulerian hydrodynamic simulations, including radiative cooling and heating, are used to address this question as we examine the formation and evolution of cool core (CC) and non-cool core (NCC) clusters. These adaptive mesh refinement simulations produce both CC and NCC clusters in the same volume. They have a peak resolution of 15.6 h^{-1} kpc within a (256 h^{-1} Mpc)^3 box. Our simulations suggest that there are important evolutionary differences between CC clusters and their NCC counterparts. Many of the numerical CC clusters accreted mass more slowly over time and grew enhanced cool cores via hierarchical mergers; when late major mergers occurred, the CC's survived the collisions. By contrast, NCC clusters experienced major mergers early in their evolution that destroyed embryonic cool cores and produced conditions that prevented CC re-formation. As a result, our simulations predict observationally testable distinctions in the properties of CC and NCC beyond the core regions in clusters. In particular, we find differences between CC versus NCC clusters in the shapes of X-ray surface brightness profiles, between the temperatures and hardness ratios beyond the cores, between the distribution of masses, and between their supercluster environs. It also appears that CC clusters are no closer to hydrostatic equilibrium than NCC clusters, an issue important for precision cosmology measurements.Comment: 17 emulateapj pages, 17 figures, replaced with version accepted to Ap

DID DROUGHT AFFECT SOME FERTILITY TRAITS AND LAMB BIRTH WEIGHT OF SLOVENIAN AUTOCHTHONOUS SHEEP BREEDS?

Cilj istraživanja bio je utvrditi jesu li ekstremni okolišni uvjeti, odnosno suša i visoke temperature tijekom vegetacijskog razdoblja, utjecali na neke parametre plodnosti i porodnu masu janjadi. Istraživanjem je obuhvaćeno 14.562 grla slovenskih autohtonih pasmina ovaca s ukupno 46.434 zapisa o plodnosti i porodnoj masi janjadi. Ovce su se janjile od siječnja 2002. do prosinca 2006. godine na 247 gospodarstava na području Slovenije. Zapisi su iz centralne baze podataka Selekcijske službe, Biotehniška Fakulteta, Oddelek za zootehniku. Od ukupnog broja ovaca 34,35% bilo je jezersko-solčavske pasmine (JS), 52,41% oplemenjene jezersko-solčavske (OJS), dok je 13,24% ovaca pripadalo bovskoj (B) pasmini. Gospodarstva su s obzirom na veličinu stada podijeljena u tri razreda, S ( 100 ovaca). Za ocjenu sistematskog utjecaja godine janjenja ovisno o pasmini na parametre plodnosti (broj rođene i živorođene janjadi u leglu, te broj janjenja po godini) korištena je neparametrijska analiza, dok je za ocjenu sistematskih utjecaja pasmine, veličine stada i godine janjenja na prosječnu porodnu masu janjadi korišten linearni model fiksnih utjecaja. Utvrđeno je da godina janjenja statistički značajno (P 0,05) utjecaj. Pasmina, veličina stada i godina janjenja statistički vrlo značajno (P < 0,001) utječu na prosječnu porodnu masu janjadi. Pad veličine legla, odnosno broja rođene i živorođene janjadi u leglu svih promatranih pasmina u 2004. u odnosu na 2003. godinu vjerojatno je uzrokovan ekstremno visokim temperaturama i sušom tijekom 2003. godine. Pad prosječnoga broja janjenja godišnje u jezersko-solčavske i oplemenjene jezersko-solčavske pasmine u 2004. u odnosu na 2003. također je vjerojatno uzrokovan ekstremnom sušom u 2003. godini. Oscilacije u prosječnoj porodnoj masi janjadi svih pasmina vjerojatno su posljedica klimatskih uvjeta u promatranom razdoblju. Smatramo da je uočeno smanjivanje parametara plodnosti (veličine legla i broja janjenja godišnje) i oscilacije prosječne porodne mase janjadi po godinama janjenja uzrokovano problemima u hranidbi zbog ekstremnih vremenskih neprilika, osobito izraženih u 2003. godini.The aim of this research was to determine effect of extreme environmental conditions such as drought and high temperatures during the vegetation period on some fertility traits and birth weight of lambs. The data used in this study were 46,434 records of fertility and birth weight collected on 14,562 sheep of Slovenian autochthonous breeds. Sheep lambed from January 2002 to December 2006 on 247 family farms in Slovenia. Records are from central data base of Selection Service, Biotechnical Faculty, Department for Animal Science. 34,35% represented the Jezersko-Solcava sheep (JS), 52.41% the Improved Jezersko-Solcava sheep (OJS), while 13.24% of sheep belonged to the Bovec Sheep (B). According to flock size, farms were divided into three classes, S (_ 100 sheep). Nonparametric analysis was used for estimation of lambing year fixed effect in relation to breed on fertility parameters (number of born and liveborn lambs in litter, and number of lambing per year). For estimation of breed, flock size and lambing year effect on birth weight of lambs fixed effect linear model was used. Lambing year statistically significantly (P< 0.05) influenced the litter size, number of born and liveborn lambs in litter of the Jezersko-Solcava sheep, the Improved Jezersko-Solcava sheep and the Bovec sheep breed, respectively. Lambing year statistically significantly (P< 0.05) influenced the number of lambing per year in the Jezersko-Solcava sheep and the Improved Jezersko-Solcava sheep breed, while in the Bovec sheep the lambing year had no statistically significant (P > 0.05) effect. Breed, flock size and lambing year statistically highly significantly (P < 0.001) influencedthe average birth weight of lambs. Extremely high temperatures and drought during year 2003 probably caused a decrease of litter size in all analysed breeds in year 2004 when compared to year 2003. In addition, the number of lambing per year in the Jezersko-Solcava Sheep and the Improved Jezersko-Solcava sheep breed decreased in year 2004 when compared to year 2003 probably as the result of extreme drought in 2003. Variation in average lamb birth weight of all analysed breeds was probably the consequence of climate conditions in the research period. In conclusion, the determined decrease of fertility parameters (litter size and number of lambing per year) and variation in average birth weight per lambing year can probably be attributed to feeding problems due to extreme climate conditions, particularly expressed in year 2003

Application of quasi-Monte Carlo methods to PDEs with random coefficients -- an overview and tutorial

This article provides a high-level overview of some recent works on the application of quasi-Monte Carlo (QMC) methods to PDEs with random coefficients. It is based on an in-depth survey of a similar title by the same authors, with an accompanying software package which is also briefly discussed here. Embedded in this article is a step-by-step tutorial of the required analysis for the setting known as the uniform case with first order QMC rules. The aim of this article is to provide an easy entry point for QMC experts wanting to start research in this direction and for PDE analysts and practitioners wanting to tap into contemporary QMC theory and methods.Comment: arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1606.0661