5 research outputs found
Orthopaedic In-Training Examination (OITE) Preparation and Study Habits of Orthopaedic Residents: Revisited
Introduction: The Orthopaedic In-Training Examination (OITE) is well-established as the cornerstone for educational evaluation of orthopaedic surgery residents. Great significance has been placed on the OITE, particularly as it has been found to correlate closely with successful completion of the American Board of Orthopaedic Surgery Part I Exam (ABOS I). Our study correlated different aspects of OITE study preparation, including resources and habits, with OITE performance.
Methods: An online survey was created to assess these different aspects and distributed to 163 programs across the United States for distribution to orthopedic residents in each program.
Results: Data analysis showed a positive correlation between OITE ranking and greater total hours devoted to studying (r = 0.26, p= 0.0003), earlier start time for exam preparation (r = 0.25, p = 0.0005), orthopaedic journal review (including Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery[r = 0.17, p=0.02] and American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons [r = 0.15, p = 0.0475]), review of prior OITE examinations (r = 0.20, p = 0.0054), and use of Orthobullets (r = 0.31, p \u3c 0.0001). 58% of respondents changed their study habits significantly over the course of residency. Most respondents stated they were able to study most effectively on primarily outpatient rotations, as well as pediatrics, sports, and hand orthopaedic rotations.
Conclusion: The results of this study may assist residents and residency directors to develop their curriculum and individual study plans to ensure success on the OITE, ABOS I, and, ultimately, their careers as orthopaedic surgeons
Temperature-Dependent Regioselectivity of Nucleophilic Aromatic Photosubstitution. Evidence That Activation Energy Controls Reactivity
Irradiation
(λ > 330 nm) of 2-chloro-4-nitroanisole (<b>1</b>)
at 25 °C in aqueous NaOH forms three substitution
photoproducts: 2-methoxy-5-nitrophenol (<b>2</b>), 2-chloro-4-nitrophenol
(<b>3</b>), and 3-chloro-4-methoxyphenol (<b>4</b>), in
chemical yields of 69.2%, 14.3%, and 16.5%. The activation energies
for the elementary steps from the triplet state at 25 °C were
determined to be 1.8, 2.4, and 2.7 kcal/mol, respectively. The chemical
yields of each of the three products were determined for exhaustive
irradiations at 0, 35, and 70 °C. The variation with temperature
of the experimental yields is reproduced almost exactly by the yields
calculated with the Arrhenius equation. This indicates that activation
energy is the fundamental property related to regioselectivity in
nucleophilic aromatic photosubstitution of the S<sub>N</sub>2 Ar*
type. The many methods proposed for predicting regioselectivity in
reactions of this type have had limited success and have not been
related to activation energy