21 research outputs found
IDENTIFICATION AND QUANTIFICATION OF PHOSPHODIESTERASE-5 INHIBITOR AS FALSIFIED IN ââNATURALââ MALAYSIAN HERBAL APHRODISIACS SOLD IN SOME BENINESE MARKETS
Objective: Nowadays, there have been several reports of herbal products falsified with well-known synthetic molecules, leading to harmful health consequences for the consumer. The aim of this study was to assess the profile of ânatural' herbal aphrodisiacs in the local markets of the municipalities of Cotonou and Abomey-Calavi in Benin and to screen some of them for the presence of additives such as sildenafil and tadalafil.
Methods: A non-probability survey was conducted to identify the available aphrodisiacs and their characteristics. Some of them were then selected for analysis. Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) was adopted for qualitative detection. The TLC positive extracts were then analyzed by HPLC on a C18 column with a mobile phase consisting of a mixture of 0.05M phosphate buffer (pH 5.8), acetonitrile and methanol (30:50:20). The Detection was performed at 290 nm.
Results: Seventy-seven aphrodisiacs were identified and from these, 18 were selected for analysis. Six of them were adulterated with tadalafil. The concentration of tadalafil in the samples was 1.7 to 4.6 times higher than the recommended dose of 20 mg.
Conclusion: This work opens the door to the need to control âânaturalââ labeled products in order to ensure their quality
C43 - Essai de formulation dâun collutoire Ă base dâhuile essentielle de Cymbopogon giganteus, chiov (poaceae) pour traiter lâangine de gorge
Introduction : Sur la base dâĂ©tudes antĂ©rieures, ayant dĂ©montrĂ© une efficacitĂ© in vitro de lâhuile essentielle de Cymbopogon giganteus sur les germes impliquĂ©s dans lâangine de gorge, lâobjectif de cette Ă©tude Ă©tait de dĂ©velopper une formulation adaptĂ©e pour la prise en charge de cette pathologie.
MatĂ©riel et mĂ©thodes : Lâhuile dâolive vierge, le TWEEN 60 et le SPAN 60 ont Ă©tĂ© utilisĂ©s pour le dĂ©veloppement du collutoire Ă 0,5% v/v dâhuile essentielle de Cymbopogon giganteus. La caractĂ©risation du collutoire a Ă©tĂ© effectuĂ©e au moyen de tests organoleptiques et microscopiques (Balla et al 2022). Le sens de lâĂ©mulsion est dĂ©terminĂ© par la mĂ©thode des colorants et confirmĂ© par le test de conductivitĂ© Ă©lectrique. Lâabsence dâinstabilitĂ© du collutoire vĂ©rifiĂ©e au moyen du test Ă la centrifugeuse. En prĂ©lude Ă des futurs essais cliniques, la stĂ©rilitĂ© du collutoire a Ă©tĂ© recherchĂ©e par ensemencement sur diffĂ©rents milieux gĂ©losĂ©s.
RĂ©sultats et Discussion : AprĂšs plusieurs essais, seule la prĂ©paration Ă 40% dâhuile dâolive Ă lâaspect blanc laiteux et au toucher gras Ă©tait stable avec une absence de floculation et de coalescence et sans observation de phĂ©nomĂšnes dâinstabilitĂ©s Ă type de crĂ©mage ou de sĂ©dimentation. Les tests de conductivitĂ© (49,2 ”S/cm) ont bien confirmĂ© le sens de lâĂ©mulsion H/E. Les tests de stĂ©rilitĂ© ont Ă©tĂ© concluants en lâabsence de prolifĂ©ration de microorganisme aprĂšs 5 jours dâincubation.
Conclusion : Cette Ă©tude a permis la formulation dâun collutoire Ă base dâhuile essentielle de
Cymbopogon giganteus présentant un bon profil de stabilité et de qualité
C4 - Formulation dâun Ă©mulgel Ă base dâun mĂ©lange dâhuile essentielle dâOcimum gratissimum L. (Lamiaceae) et du gel dâAloe vera (L.) Burm. F. (Asphodelaceae) contre les acnĂ©s vulgaires
Introduction : LâacnĂ© due Ă une production excessive de sĂ©bum associĂ©e ou non Ă une prolifĂ©ration bactĂ©rienne est habituellement traitĂ©e avec des topiques. LâAloe vera (AV) et lâOcimum gratissimum (OG) sont deux plantes traditionnellement utilisĂ©es dans le traitement de lâacnĂ©. Ainsi, notre Ă©tude a consistĂ© en des essais de formulation et dâĂ©valuation de lâefficacitĂ© antibactĂ©rienne dâun Ă©mulgel combinant ces deux plantes.
MĂ©thodologie : Les essais ont Ă©tĂ© faits Ă partir du gel dâAV Ă la proportion de 10% et 20% respectivement associĂ©e Ă lâhuile essentielle (HE) dâOG Ă 5% et 10% permettant dâĂ©laborer un Ă©mulgel Ă base de lâHE gĂ©lifiĂ©e avec du carbomĂšre 980 Ă 1%. La stabilitĂ© de nos formulations a Ă©tĂ© Ă©valuĂ©e par des tests pharmaco-techniques que sont la dĂ©termination des caractĂšres organoleptiques, lâexamen microscopique, le test de stĂ©rilitĂ© et la mesure de quelques paramĂštres physico-chimiques (conductivitĂ©, pH, viscositĂ© et aptitude Ă lâĂ©talement) et lâactivitĂ© antibactĂ©rienne a Ă©tĂ© dĂ©terminĂ©e sur les germes du genre Staphylococcus.
RĂ©sultats : La formule Ă 10% dâAV et 5% dâOG a Ă©tĂ© retenue au regard de sa plus grande stabilitĂ©. Au plan organoleptique, elle prĂ©sentait un aspect homogĂšne, une uniformitĂ© de couleur, une bonne consistance et une odeur caractĂ©ristique de lâOG. Sa conductivitĂ© Ă©valuĂ©e Ă 1935”S/cm a confirmĂ© le sens de lâĂ©mulsion Huile/Eau. Quant Ă la viscositĂ©, elle Ă©tait de 344400 mPa.s suggĂ©rant une bonne aptitude de lâĂ©mulgel Ă lâĂ©talement. Enfin le pH (7,38) indiquait une bonne compatibilitĂ© avec celui de la peau, confirmĂ©e par les tests dâirritabilitĂ© sur le lapin albinos (Indice dâirritabilitĂ© IIP Ë 0.5). LâactivitĂ© antibactĂ©rienne sur les germes du genre Staphylococcus mĂ©ticillino-rĂ©sistante a montrĂ© une bonne sensibilitĂ© Ă cette formulation avec des zones dâinhibition ayant des diamĂštres > 8mm.
Conclusion : Les rĂ©sultats, concluant sur la stabilitĂ© et lâefficacitĂ© in vitro de lâĂ©mulgel Ă 5% dâHE dâOG, ouvrent la voie Ă la rĂ©alisation dâune Ă©tude clinique avant mise sur le marchĂ©
Evaluation of the knowledge and attitude of pharmacists about the national malaria control policy in southern Benin
Abstract Background The national strategy against malaria in an endemic country should involve all the health stakeholders. In Benin, the private sector is rarely present in the activities of the National Malaria Control Programme (NMCP), and its surveillance system does not cover private sector outlets that are a non-negligible part of the healthcare system. Objective The aim of this study was to describe the drug delivery practices within private pharmacies of Cotonou and Porto-Novo and the awareness of medicine providers concerning the national policy of malaria treatment. Methods A survey was performed among pharmacy staff members responsible for dispensing medicines and providing advice to patients within pharmacies of Cotonou and Porto-Novo. Dispensing/pharmacy assistants (âdispensatorsâ) from 82 pharmacies in Cotonou and 19 in Porto-Novo were surveyed. Data entry was performed using Epidata 3.1 software and data analysis was carried out using SPSS software version 21.1. Chi square test was used to compare proportions. A significance threshold of 0.05 was defined for the p value. Results 46% of providers did not know the artemisinin-based combination therapy recommended by the NMCP for treating uncomplicated malaria. 58.7% were not able to recognize the gravity signs of malaria. 89.8% of dispensators were used to deliver an anti-malarial upon patient request, without prior biological confirmation as requested by the NMCP policy. Conclusions Dispensing practices within the studied pharmacies from Cotonou and Porto-Novo were not in adequacy with the NMCP guidelines for uncomplicated malaria, which is a striking weakness in the training of drug providers on key elements of the guidelines for managing malaria. The NMCP needs to help dispensator from private pharmacies sector to standardize drug delivery practices according to its guidelines
Overview of regulations on medicines derived from traditional Pharmacopoeia in Benin and Burkina Faso
The success of the promotion policies of the Medicines Derived from Traditional Pharmacopoeia (MDTPs) requires a regulation that is adapted to realities and guarantees their quality, efficiency and safeness. This study aims to analyze the legal texts and the current guiding principles obtained from the heads of the departments in charge of traditional medicine in Burkina Faso and Benin. The documents collected from the two countries have been analyzed comparatively and also in relation to WAEMU regulations and the WHO recommendations. Several texts, dealing with the activity, products, facilities and advertisement related to traditional medicine, have been recorded in both countries. The regulation battery of Burkina Faso is more extensive than that of Benin, especially on traditional medicine and pharmacopoeia facilities. In addition, unlike biomedicines, the West African Economic and Monetary Union (WAEMU) and the West African Health Organization (WAHO) have not yet passed community laws on MDTPs. To limit disparities in legal frameworks between the countries of the same sub-region, it is important that the WAEMU or WAHO be involved in the harmonization of pharmaceutical regulations by setting Community rules in the domain
In vitro antiplasmodial activity of plants used in Benin in traditional medicine to treat malaria.
AIM OF THE STUDY: The aim of the study was to evaluate the in vitro antiplasmodial activity of crude extracts of 12 plant species traditionally used in Benin for the treatment of malaria in order to validate their use. MATERIALS AND METHODS: For each species, dichloromethane, methanol and total aqueous extracts were tested. The antiplasmodial activity of extracts was evaluated using the measurement of the plasmodial lactate dehydrogenase activity on chloroquine-sensitive (3D7) and resistant (W2) strains of Plasmodium falciparum. The selectivity of the different extracts was evaluated using the MTT test on J774 macrophage-like murine cells and WI38 human normal fibroblasts. RESULTS: The best growth inhibition of both strains of Plasmodium falciparum was observed with the dichloromethane extracts of Acanthospermum hispidum DC. (Asteraceae) (IC(50)=7.5 microg/ml on 3D7 and 4.8 microg/ml on W2), Keetia leucantha (K. Krause) Bridson (syn. Plectronia leucantha Krause) (Rubiaceae) leaves and twigs (IC(50)=13.8 and 11.3 microg/ml on 3D7 and IC(50)=26.5 and 15.8 microg/ml on W2, respectively), Carpolobia lutea G.Don. (Polygalaceae) (IC(50)=19.4 microg/ml on 3D7 and 8.1 microg/ml on W2) and Strychnos spinosa Lam. (Loganiaceae) leaves (IC(50)=15.6 microg/ml on 3D7 and 8.9 microg/ml on W2). All these extracts had a low cytotoxicity. CONCLUSION: Our study gives some justifications for the traditional uses of some investigated plants
A comparative study of Caesalpinia bonduc (L.) Roxb. root extracts on sexual behaviour in male Wistar rats
International audienc
P35 Comparaison de lâinteraction molĂ©culaire entre le Taxol@ et les nanoparticules Ă base de poly (alkyl mĂ©thylidĂšne malonate) PMM 2.1.2 et Ă base de poly (alkylcynoacrylate)(PACA
Lâadministration et le ciblage contrĂŽlĂ©s de mĂ©dicaments reprĂ©sentent un dĂ©fi passionnant pour amĂ©liorer lâefficacitĂ© thĂ©rapeutique et/ou prophylactique des molĂ©cules biologiquement actives tout en rĂ©duisant leurs effets secondaires. Ainsi, diffĂ©rents systĂšmes tels que les supports macromolĂ©culaires solubles, les liposomes et les particules polymĂ©riques ont Ă©tĂ© intensivement dĂ©crits et testĂ©s cliniquement. Pour cette Ă©tude, le taxol@ (TX, paclitaxel) a Ă©tĂ© choisi comme mĂ©dicament hĂŽte modĂšle pour comparer son encapsulation dans des nanoparticules Ă base de poly- alkylcynamoacrylates (PACA) et de poly-alkylmethylidenemalonate (PAMM en particulier le PMM 2.1.2).
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Une trajectoire de dynamique molĂ©culaire pour chaque espĂšce a Ă©tĂ© gĂ©nĂ©rĂ©e Ă 300 K et Ă©tendue sur 1000 ps par pas de 1 fs. Les conformĂšres Ă©chantillonnĂ©s toutes les 10 ps ont ensuite Ă©tĂ© minimisĂ©s en Ă©nergie en utilisant d'abord la mĂ©thode MM2 d'Allinger et la mĂ©thode Newton-Raphson bloc-diagonal jusqu'Ă ce que le gradient obtenu soit infĂ©rieur Ă 0,01 kcal/mol. Nous avons aussi utilisĂ© les mĂ©thodes AMI et PM3, COSMO ainsi que les calculs thĂ©oriques et enfin les mĂ©thodes semi-empiriques SCF-MO AMI et PM3, telles qu'elles sont mises en Ćuvre dans l'ensemble CS MOPAC trouvĂ© dans CS Chem3DPro 7.0.0.
Nous avons adopté une approche tout à fait différente par rapport à celle précédemment combinant la dynamique moléculaire et la mécanique semi-quantique (AMI, PM3 et PM3 COSMO). Les oligomÚres de PAMM ont tendance à adopter une forme en U, contrairement à ceux de PACA qui adoptent préférentiellement des conformations hélicoïdales avec une disposition radiale des chaßnes latérales. Ce résultat a été confirmé par plusieurs publications qui rapportent que, pendant la polymérisation anionique du monomÚre MM 2.1.2, un processus important de cyclotrimérisation a lieu, produisant un mélange de 4 diastéréo-isomÚres racémiques de cyclohexanone, c'est-à -dire 2S,4R,6R et 2S,4S,6S, et leurs contreparties énantiomériques.
Ces études donnent un aperçu de l'architecture et de la dynamique des nanoparticules. L'approche in silico utilisée ici permet de prédire que le Taxol serait piégé plus efficacement dans le PAAM que dans le PACA, ce qui est en accord avec les résultats expérimentaux