A study on functional outcome following surgical fixation for subaxial cervical spine injuries

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES : Cervical spine injuries are one of the common causes of serious morbidity mortality following trauma. 6% of trauma patients have spine injuries of which >50% is contributed by cervical spine injury. Early recognition, immobilisation, preservation of spinal cord function, and stabilisation are the initial management of patients with cervical spine injuries. The purpose of this study was to evaluate functional outcome following surgical fixation for subaxial cervical spine injuries. METHODS : We evaluated 20 patients who underwent surgical fixation for subaxial cervical spine injures, concerning the ASIA motor score , ASIA impairment scale and SLIC score. Patient was evaluated by AP and lateral radiographs for fusion , neck pain , improvement in motor score by frankels grade. RESULTS: In this study all the cases are male with most of the patients are in the age group of 41-50 years. Fall from height is the most commom of injury followed by road traffic accident. C5-C6 # dislocation is most common spinal injury pattren. Incomplete neurological deficit are more in this study. Most of the cases are flexion distraction type of violence . Most of the cases presented with in one week of injury. Only 2 cases of 20 cases operated by global fusion ,both of them are presented late and found to have locked facets. 2 out of 3 cases are expired from complete neurological deficit. Mobilisation of neck started after 6 weeks. CONCLUSION: To conclude that early surgical stabilization of subaxial cervical spine injuries had good functional outcome , provided detailed clinical and radiological assessment ,proper preoperative planning , selection of surgical approaches , precision in surgical techniques and early rehabilitation program are needed in achieving good results and minimising complications

SPARE PARTS INVENTORY OPTIMIZATION FOR AUTO MOBILE SECTOR

In this paper the objective is to determine the optimal allocation of spares for replacement of defective parts on-board of a usage. The minimization of the total supply chain cost can only be achieved when optimization of the base stock level is carried out at each member of the supply chain. A serious issue in the implementation of the same is that the excess stock level and shortage level is not static for every period. This has been achieved by using some forecasting and optimization techniques. Optimal inventory control is one of the significant tasks in supply chain management. The optimal inventory control methodologies intend to reduce the supply chain cost by controlling the inventory in an effective manner, such that, the SC members will not be affected by surplus as well as shortage of inventory. In this paper, we propose an efficient approach that effectively utilizes the Genetic Algorithm for optimal inventory control. This paper reports a method based on genetic algorithm to optimize inventory in supply chain management. We focus specifically on determining the most probable excess stock level and shortage level required for inventory optimization in the supply chain so that the total supply chain cost is minimized . So, the overall aim of this paper is to find out the healthy stock level by means of that safety stock is maintained throughout the service period. Keywords: genetic algorithm, optimization, Inventor

Toxic metals (Cd and Pb) induced dysfunctioning of antioxidant system in marine fish Sphyraena barracuda (Edwards, 1771) collected from Kpeme, South of Togo

44-51Pollution of aquatic systems has become a recurring problem nowadays. The main goal of this study is to assess the impact of Cd and Pb on the antioxidant system of Sphyraena barracuda collected at Kpeme of South Togo. Two enzymatic biomarkers (catalase and glutathione-S-transferase) and two non-enzymatic biomarkers (malondialdehyde and glutathione) of oxidative stress were measured in various organs like liver, heart, gills and kidney of Sphyraena barracuda. The results indicated that stress was induced by Cd and Pb in these organs through lipid peroxidation and glutathione production. However, there was an alteration of the antioxidant system by low glutathione-S-transferase and catalase activities in the gills. Whereas, in other organs like heart, liver, and kidney, higher activity of glutathione-S-transferase and lesser activity of catalase was observed. From the results, it is very clear that Cd and Pb altered the antioxidant system of fish in comparison to the control samples

Value Chain Analysis of Indian Edible Mushroom

The purpose of this study is to examine the value chain analysis of, consumers' awareness level of, and buying motives toward mushroom products. The primary data were collected through face-to-face interviews and by using a questionnaire filled out by 70 consumers from various major mushroom production districts, selected by non-random sampling. Secondary data were collected from various sources. Based on the data analysis, it was found that around 73% of consumers  preferred to buy their mushroom products in the supermarket, and 71% of consumers responded that factors other than the shape, color, and size of mushrooms motivated them to buy them. The research concludes that urban consumers were well aware of the nutrition value of mushrooms, but their consumption level was very low compared to non-vegetarians urban consumer in the studied area. Nearly 30% of respondents believed a myth about mushrooms having a mold and were prepared from compost, which causes a bad smell. It was found that that while producers put forth more effort and energy than other actors into the mushroom value chain they received less revenue and profit than wholesalers and retailers. Therefore, policy makers should develop new norms to remove barriers and others issues to safeguard mushroom producers for sustainable growth of the mushroom sector in India. In the future, there will be an increase in the consumption of processed foods. Hence, food companies have to concentrate on mushroom processing and fresh mushroom production

A Survey on Decentralized Access Control Strategies for Data Stored in Clouds

ABSTRACT: This paper details about various methods prevailing in literature of anonymous authentication mechanisms for data stored in clouds. It is a Decentralized access of system in which every system have the access control of data . The Cloud which is a Secured storage area where the anonymous authentication is used, so that only the permitted users can be accessed. Decrypting of data can be viewed only by a valid users and can also stored information only by Valid users. This Scheme prevents Replay attack which mean Eaves Dropping can be avoided, Support Creation of data inside storage, Modifying the data by unknown users , and Reading data stored in Cloud. User can revocate the data only by addressing through the cloud. The authentication and accessing the Cloud is Robust, Hence Overall Communication Storage are been developed by comparing to the Centralized approaches. This paper would promote a lot of research in the area of Anonymous Authentication

Sequencing and Comparative Genome Analysis of Two Pathogenic Streptococcus gallolyticus Subspecies: Genome Plasticity, Adaptation and Virulence

Streptococcus gallolyticus infections in humans are often associated with bacteremia, infective endocarditis and colon cancers. The disease manifestations are different depending on the subspecies of S. gallolyticus causing the infection. Here, we present the complete genomes of S. gallolyticus ATCC 43143 (biotype I) and S. pasteurianus ATCC 43144 (biotype II.2). The genomic differences between the two biotypes were characterized with comparative genomic analyses. The chromosome of ATCC 43143 and ATCC 43144 are 2,36 and 2,10 Mb in length and encode 2246 and 1869 CDS respectively. The organization and genomic contents of both genomes were most similar to the recently published S. gallolyticus UCN34, where 2073 (92%) and 1607 (86%) of the ATCC 43143 and ATCC 43144 CDS were conserved in UCN34 respectively. There are around 600 CDS conserved in all Streptococcus genomes, indicating the Streptococcus genus has a small core-genome (constitute around 30% of total CDS) and substantial evolutionary plasticity. We identified eight and five regions of genome plasticity in ATCC 43143 and ATCC 43144 respectively. Within these regions, several proteins were recognized to contribute to the fitness and virulence of each of the two subspecies. We have also predicted putative cell-surface associated proteins that could play a role in adherence to host tissues, leading to persistent infections causing sub-acute and chronic diseases in humans. This study showed evidence that the S. gallolyticus still possesses genes making it suitable in a rumen environment, whereas the ability for S. pasteurianus to live in rumen is reduced. The genome heterogeneity and genetic diversity among the two biotypes, especially membrane and lipoproteins, most likely contribute to the differences in the pathogenesis of the two S. gallolyticus biotypes and the type of disease an infected patient eventually develops