Protective effect of Bixa orellana L. against radiation induced chromosomal aberration in Swiss albino mice

Radioprotective effect of hydroalcoholic extract of seeds of Bixa orellana have been studied by examining chromosome aberration in cells of bone marrow in irradiated mice. Healthy adult Swiss mice were injected intraperitoneally (ip) with 500 mg kg–1 body weight, 1000 mg kg–1 of or double distilled water (DDW). They were exposed to whole body irradiation of 2.0 Gy gamma radiation 30 min later. After 24 h, chromosomal aberrations were studied in the bone marrow of the femur by routine metaphase preparation after colchicine treatment. Radiation (4.0 Gy) increased the number of aberrant cells from less than 1% in controls to almost 20%. Pre-treatment with the extract compounds resulted in a significant reduction in the percentage of aberrant metaphases as well as in the different types of aberration scored. The extract was not toxic at 1500 mg kg–1 body weight. Being non toxic and easily available natural source Bixa orellana extract may be use for as radioprotective for human beings.Keywords: – radioprotective, Bixa orellan

Technologies for High Power Density Diesel Engines

The engines used in armoured fighting vehicles have to be compact, light in weight, efficient and reliable. In order to achieve a compact engine design, a complete understanding of all the factors affecting the engine performance is needed. However, it is important to note that the performance of the engine cannot be compromised in the pursuit of compactness. The aim of this paper is to classify systematically various broad areas affecting the engine’s power to weight and power to volume ratio and discuss respective current technologies available. This paper explores the possibility of size and weight reduction and efficiency enhancement of diesel engines by the use of various methods like engine friction reduction, better thermal management, high injection pressure, and turbocharging. Achieving high engine speeds and high BMEP will be the means of achieving high power density. The effects of engine configuration and technologies on compactness are also discussed. Finally, the configuration of a new engine and its design aspects, incorporating all the aforementioned concepts is discusse

Band gap tuning and orbital mediated electron–phonon coupling in HoFe1−xCrxO3 (0 ≤ x ≤ 1)

We report on the evidenced orbital mediated electron–phonon coupling and band gap tuning in HoFe1−xCrxO3 (0 ≤ x ≤ 1) compounds. From the room temperature Raman scattering, it is apparent that the electron-phonon coupling is sensitive to the presence of both the Fe and Cr at the B-site. Essentially, an Ag like local oxygen breathing mode is activated due to the charge transfer between Fe3+ and Cr3+ at around 670 cm−1, this observation is explained on the basis of Franck-Condon mechanism. Optical absorption studies infer that there exists a direct band gap in the HoFe1−xCrxO3 (0 ≤ x ≤ 1) compounds. Decrease in band gap until x = 0.5 is ascribed to the broadening of the oxygen p-orbitals as a result of the induced spin disorder due to Fe3+ and Cr3+ at B-site. In contrast, the increase in band gap above x = 0.5 is explained on the basis of the reduction in the available unoccupied d-orbitals of Fe3+ at the conduction band. We believe that above results would be helpful for the development of the optoelectronic devices based on the ortho-ferrites

Is BCG Vaccination the Real Angel for India Against Covid19 Infection-A Survey Based on People Perception

The majority of infectious pneumonia associated with the global outbreak covid19 originated in December 2019 in Wuhan, China. Bacille Calmette Guerin (BCG) is a highly pathogenic strain of Mycobacterium bovis that was isolated from the milk of a cow with tuberculosis mastitis following more than 13 years of continuous in vitro passage. BCG vaccination is critical for improving immunity and lowering death rates. The purpose of this research was to determine the efficacy of BCG immunization against covid19 in India. A self-structured questionnaire with ten questions on facts, the role of BCG vaccine, and covid19 was used to conduct an online survey. The questionnaire was created using the online survey platform google forms, and the link was distributed to participants via social media platforms. The findings were analyzed, and using the gathered answers, a descriptive statistical test was run using the statistical program "SPSS version 20," and the outcome was shown in the form of a pie chart. The current research examined public knowledge of the pandemic outbreak and the role of BCG vaccination among the general population. 69.1 percent of respondents are aware of covid19, and 66.2 percent feel that BCG is effective against covid19. Within the constraints of the research, it is concluded that the majority of survey respondents are aware of the BCG vaccination's involvement in avoiding covid19

Mechanism and scalability of tip vortex cavitation suppression by water and polymer injection

Tip vortex cavitation (TVC) is typically the first form of cavitation observed in propellers; therefore a delay in its onset is sought. TVC suppression via mass injection in the core of the vortex was studied with an elliptical plan-form hydrofoil NACA-66 modified in a recirculating water tunnel with known nuclei distribution. The solutions injected were water and Polyox WSR 301 solution with concentration ranging from 10 to 500pmm. It was observed that TVC was suppressed in all cases where mass was injected. Higher polymer concentration solutions and higher flux rate provided a drop in cavitation desinence of 1.8 Water injection at the lowest flux rate provided the smallest drop in cavitation desinence, 0.03. A saturation effect for the TVC suppression was also observed for both the polymer concentration (125ppm) and volume flux rate (Qjet / Qcore = 0.48). The mechanisms and scalability that lead to TVC suppression via mass injection will be investigated.http://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/84320/1/CAV2009-final149.pd

How Do Individuals in a Radical Echo Chamber React to Opposing Views? Evidence from a Content Analysis of Stormfront

Calls to “break up” radical echo chambers by injecting them with alternative viewpoints are common. Yet, thus far there is little evidence about the impact of such counter-messaging. To what extent and how do individuals who inhabit a radical echo chamber engage with messages that challenge their core beliefs? Drawing on data from the radical right forum Stormfront we address this question with a large-scale content and longitudinal analysis of users’ posting behavior, which analyses more than 35,000 English language contributions to the forum spanning 2011 through 2013. Our findings show that engaging with oppositional views is actually a core practice among Stromfront users which invites active participation and encourages engagement. Indeed, many “echoes” in the echo chamber we studied were not core beliefs being restated, but the sound of opposing viewpoints being undermined and marginalized. These findings underscore the limited potential for counter-messages to undermine radical echo chambers

A STUDY ON DIFFERENT PELLET FORMATION TECHNIQUES AND ITS EVALUATION PARAMETERS-A REVIEW

This review article deals with the various pelletization techniques utilized in the pharmaceutical industry for spheroidal particle production i.e., pellet for mainly oral administration which can be further formulated into several other dosage forms such as tablets, capsules or can be administered as such. Now-a-days oral administration has become the most versatile, convenient and common route of drug administration which ultimately focuses on patient compliance. The technique which is setting horizon in pelletization is “Extrusion Spheronization” because of its simple and easy steps involved in pellet production in a faster way. This review also includes the characterization and evaluation of pellets to ensure its quality, safety and efficacy to give out the required therapeutic activity after administration

Optimal Control of Class of Non-Linear Plants using Artificial Immune Systems: Application of the Clonal Selection Algorithm

The function of natural immune system is to protect the living organisms against invaders/pathogens. Artificial Immune System (AIS) is a computational intelligence paradigm inspired by the natural immune system. Diverse engineering problems have been solved in the recent past using AIS. Clonal selection is one of the few algorithms that belong to the family of AIS techniques. Clonal selection algorithm is the computational implementation of the clonal selection principle. The process of affinity maturation of the immune system is explicitly incorporated in this algorithm. This paper presents the application of AIS for the optimal control of a class of non-linear plants which are affine in control. The clonal selection algorithm is adapted for optimal control. A new mutation operator that operates on real values and one that aids in fast convergence is developed in this paper. AIS is used to obtain constant coefficient Kalman gain matrices. The validation and evaluation of the results thus obtained are carried out by comparing with standard and the widely used State Dependent Algebraic Riccati Equation (SDARE) method for the non-linear plants. In case of non-linear systems with hard state constraints, the SDARE formulation requires the use of mathematically involved expressions to incorporate these state constraints. However, the modified clonal selection algorithm developed in this paper has been used with hardly any changes to incorporate the hard state constraints and obtain the Kalman gain matrix