Surgical site infections with special reference to methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus: experience from a tertiary care referral hospital in North India

Objective: Surgical site infections are an important cause of health care associated infections among surgical patients.Aim: To determine the prevalence of Staphylococcus aureus and Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in surgical site infections with relation to age and sex and its antimicrobial susceptibility pattern.Methods: During a period of three years, 5,259 specimens received from surgical site infections were processed for isolation and identification of bacterial pathogens according to the standard microbiological techniques.Results: Abscess drainage was the most common type of surgical site infection (26.62%) and Staphylococcus aureus (34%) was the most common isolate. The most frequent isolation of the S. aureus in relation to age was noted in the age group of 21–40 years and the prevalence rate was higher in male patients. Out of the total S. aureus isolates, 27.96% were found to be methicillin resistant.Conclusions:There is a need for continuous surveillance and monitoring for the frequency of MRSA with its antimicrobial resistance patterns which may help in decreasing the prevalence of MRSA and antibiotic resistance

Recital Comparison of Bilingual Language Using Various Filters for Offline Handwritten Character

Optical Character Recognition (OCR) of multilingual document containing Offline Handwritten Character (OHC) in regional languages of India, it is necessary to identify different script forms before running an individual OCR of the scripts. In this paper, novel approaches for offline character recognition are written in south Indian languages such as Tamil and Kannada. Preprocessing is one of the most important phases in OCR development. It directly affects the efficiency of any OCR. In this process an extracting of basic constituent symbols of the script. Different methodologies which are growing rapidly in the area of character recognition is South Indian Languages. In this paper, it is mainly focused on the existing methodology used in different stages of OCR to recognize offline handwritten character of bilingual regional languages of South India such as Tamil and Kannada are reviewed, summarized and documented

Rare variant of misme syndrome: A case report and review of literature

MISME syndrome, also known as neurofibromatosis type-2 (NF2), stands for multiple inherited schwannomas, meningiomas, and ependymomas (MISME) in the peripheral and central nervous system. It is a rare disorder of autosomal dominant inheritance due to mutations of a tumor-suppressor gene on the chromosome 22q12. Clinically, it is characterized by multiple benign tumors arising in both the central and the peripheral nervous system, particularly from the bilateral vestibular nerve in more than 90% of the patients and more than two thirds of them develop spinal tumors. Simultaneous occurrence of bilateral vestibular schwanoma with cervical and lumbar ependymoma without neuro cutaneous marker with weakness of limb as initial presentation is rare finding in single patient. Here, we are reporting a rare case of MISME syndrome harbouring bilateral vestibular schwanoma with cervical and lumbar ependymoma tumors in a 45 year old male patient having no other lesion and neurocutaneous marker with weakness of limb as initial presentation without posterior subcapsular cataract

Spatial Databases

Spatial database research has continued to advance greatly since three decades ago, addressing the growing data management and analysis needs of spatial applications. This research has produced a taxonomy of models for space, conceptual models, spatial query languages and query processing, spatial file organization and indexes, and spatial data mining. However, emerging needs for spatial database systems include the handling of 3D spatial data, temporal dimension with spatial data, and spatial data visualization. In addition, the rise of new systems such as sensor networks and multi-core processors is likely to have an impact in spatial databases. The goal of this paper is to provide a broad overview of the recent advancements in spatial databases and research needs in each area

Angiostrongylus cantonensis in anterior chamber

Live worm in anterior chamber is a rare finding. We hereby report a case of ocular Angiostrongylus cantonensis, which, to the best of our knowledge, is the third case report from India. A 70-year-old female presented with the complaints of watering and foreign body sensations in right eye since 2 months. On examination, a translucent worm of approximately 15 mm length was found freely moving in anterior chamber. Patient underwent surgical removal of live worm, which was identified as A. cantonensis. Educating people regarding importance of hygiene is important for prevention of worm infestation

Intracranial Hemorrhage in a Young Woman: An Unusual Initial Presentation of Undiagnosed Choriocarcinoma

Choriocarcinoma is an uncommon tumor. Undiagnosed choriocarcinoma initially presenting with intracranial hemorrhage in an apparently healthy female is rare and presents a diagnostic difficulty. The authors report a case presenting as intracranial hemorrhage of unsuspected choriocarcinoma. As the measurement of beta-human chorionic gonadotropin (β-hCG) would have helped in the preoperative diagnosis, estimation of serum β-hCG levels is suggested in the diagnostic workup of a female of reproductive age group when radiological investigations are inconclusive. Craniotomy and excision of tumor followed by chemotherapy and radiotherapy may improve the outcome

Context Inclusive Function Evaluation: A Case Study with EM-Based Multi-Scale Multi-Granular Image Classification

Many statistical queries such as maximum likelihood estimation involve finding the best candidate model given a set of candidate models and a quality estimation function. This problem is common in important applications like land-use classification at multiple spatial resolutions from remote sensing raster data. Such a problem is computationally challenging due to the significant computation cost to evaluate the quality estimation function for each candidate model. For example, a recently proposed method of multi-iscale, multi-granular classification has high computational overhead of function evaluation for various candidate models independently before comparison. In contrast, we propose an upper bound based context-inclusive approach that reduces computational overhead based on the context, i.e. the value of the quality estimation function for the best candidate model so far. We also prove that an upper bound exists for each candidate model and the proposed algorithm is correct. Experimental results using land-use classification at multiple spatial resolutions from satellite imagery show that the proposed approach reduces the computational cost significantly

Mitotic H3K9ac is controlled by phase-specific activity of HDAC2, HDAC3, and SIRT1.

Histone acetylation levels are reduced during mitosis. To study the mitotic regulation of H3K9ac, we used an array of inhibitors targeting specific histone deacetylases. We evaluated the involvement of the targeted enzymes in regulating H3K9ac during all mitotic stages by immunofluorescence and immunoblots. We identified HDAC2, HDAC3, and SIRT1 as modulators of H3K9ac mitotic levels. HDAC2 inhibition increased H3K9ac levels in prophase, whereas HDAC3 or SIRT1 inhibition increased H3K9ac levels in metaphase. Next, we performed ChIP-seq on mitotic-arrested cells following targeted inhibition of these histone deacetylases. We found that both HDAC2 and HDAC3 have a similar impact on H3K9ac, and inhibiting either of these two HDACs substantially increases the levels of this histone acetylation in promoters, enhancers, and insulators. Altogether, our results support a model in which H3K9 deacetylation is a stepwise process-at prophase, HDAC2 modulates most transcription-associated H3K9ac-marked loci, and at metaphase, HDAC3 maintains the reduced acetylation, whereas SIRT1 potentially regulates H3K9ac by impacting HAT activity