Metareferentiality through in-game images in immersive simulation games

Digital games have a tenuous relationship to reality; in most cases, they are rather simulacra than simulations, offering a simulation-like situation that does not relate to any preceding reality but creates a virtual world precedented only in other fictional or virtual works. The visuals of mainstream, Triple-A games counteract this ontological disconnect through an overabundance of detail and flourish in a perennial struggle for verisimilitude. This paper discusses two examples which, while generally adhering to this convention, introduce elements of subversion into their visual logic. It will show that there are various metaleptic ludic devices - such as virtual reality environments within virtual worlds and reality-changing paintings - with which contemporary digital games reflect subtly upon their own relationship to reality, and upon the player's oscillation between agency and powerlessness

A Very Condensed Survey and Critique of Multiagent Deep Reinforcement Learning

Deep reinforcement learning (RL) has achieved outstanding results in recent years. This has led to a dramatic increase in the number of applications and methods. Recent works have explored learning beyond single-agent scenarios and have considered multiagent learning (MAL) scenarios. The primary goal of this article is to provide a clear overview of current multiagent deep reinforcement learning (MDRL) literature