139 research outputs found
Microelectrophoresis system utilizing conductivity detection analyzing biological molecues
Microfabrication technology has proven to be a valuable tool for creating polymer-based devices utilized in chemical and biochemical assays. Although, reducing the size of the device allows for short analysis times and reduces the reagent demand to ultrasmall volumes (\u3c 1 nanoliter), a resulting consequence is the constraint placed on the limits of detection associated with the detector hardware required for readout. To overcome such constraints, laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) is often employed as a detection method as it provides low detection limits, which approach the single molecule level. Unfortunately, most LIF systems do not offer the benefits of miniaturization, with the detector components (i.e. laser, optics, filters) often times requiring a much larger footprint compared to the device. Another readout strategy that has shown promise for these devices is conductivity detection. Detection can be accomplished using either conventional-size or microfabricated electrodes, which can be integrated on the device. Although conductivity has been commonly used to detect inorganic or small organic species, the potential for detection of biological species has received little attention. In this work, an integrated conductivity detector was developed for the analysis of amino acids, peptides, proteins, and oligonucleotides (double-stranded DNA). Using the detector, mass detection sensitivities in the range of 10-18 - 10-21 moles were achieved. To increase the throughput of the system a state-of-the-art, multichannel device with a conductivity array detector was devised. This device, which consists of a 16-channel fluidic network and a printed circuit board, is geared toward automating three-processing steps onto a single fluidic platform including purification, preconcentration and detection for downstream parallel processing
Policy Framework for Outreach, Enrollment, Retention and Utilization for Health Care Coverage in California
Defines a framework that counties in California can use to structure outreach, enrollment, retention, and utilization systems and strategies. Provides specific recommendations, based on local successes, for improving access to health care by children
A Combined Compton and Coded-aperture Telescope for Medium-energy Gamma-ray Astrophysics
A future mission in medium-energy gamma-ray astrophysics would allow for many
scientific advancements, e.g. a possible explanation for the excess positron
emission from the Galactic Center, a better understanding of nucleosynthesis
and explosion mechanisms in Type Ia supernovae, and a look at the physical
forces at play in compact objects such as black holes and neutron stars.
Additionally, further observation in this energy regime would significantly
extend the search parameter space for low-mass dark matter. In order to achieve
these objectives, an instrument with good energy resolution, good angular
resolution, and high sensitivity is required. In this paper we present the
design and simulation of a Compton telescope consisting of cubic-centimeter
Cadmium Zinc Telluride (CdZnTe) detectors as absorbers behind a silicon tracker
with the addition of a passive coded mask. The goal of the design was to create
a very sensitive instrument that is capable of high angular resolution. The
simulated telescope showed achievable energy resolutions of 1.68 FWHM at
511 keV and 1.11 at 1809 keV, on-axis angular resolutions in Compton mode
of 2.63 FWHM at 511 keV and 1.30 FWHM at 1809 keV, and is
capable of resolving sources to at least 0.2 at lower energies with
the use of the coded mask. An initial assessment of the instrument in Compton
imaging mode yields an effective area of 183 cm at 511 keV and an
anticipated all-sky sensitivity of 3.6 x 10 photons cm s
for a broadened 511 keV source over a 2-year observation time. Additionally,
combining a coded mask with a Compton imager to improve point source
localization for positron detection has been demonstrated
Building bridges of understanding and empowerment between society and researchers
No abstract available
Support Resources Utilized by Minority Students Majoring in Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics Disciplines
A number of studies have focused on the identification of factors impacting minority students' persistence at four-year colleges and universities. Most of these studies focus on what the students or institutions have done wrong, with fewer studies focusing on the specific factors that successful students, those who have persisted to graduation, have done right to overcome barriers to graduation. The main objectives of the study are to: a) identify resources utilized by minority students leading to academic success as identified by general and Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) discipline retention experts; b) identify the knowledge acquired to access available resources and actions employed to utilize resources by minority students studying in STEM disciplines; c) analyze the associations between resources utilized by graduates of the Hewlett Packard (HP) Scholars Program and the academic majors selected; and d) analyze the associations between resources utilized by HP Scholars and the institutions attended. This study utilized the Padilla Expertise Model of Student Success (1991), with slight modifications, as the theoretical framework.It is hoped that further research using this framework as a foundation will result in an instrument that is reflective of the needs of minority students studying STEM field disciplines to persist to graduation and will also equip institutions of higher education with the tools to facilitate this success
A Dual-phase Xenon TPC for Scintillation and Ionisation Yield Measurements in Liquid Xenon
A small-scale, two-phase (liquid/gas) xenon time projection chamber (Xurich
II) was designed, constructed and is under operation at the University of
Zurich. Its main purpose is to investigate the microphysics of particle
interactions in liquid xenon at energies below 50 keV, which are relevant for
rare event searches using xenon as target material. Here we describe in detail
the detector, its associated infrastructure, and the signal identification
algorithm developed for processing and analysing the data. We present the first
characterisation of the new instrument with calibration data from an internal
83m-Kr source. The zero-field light yield is 15.0 and 14.0 photoelectrons/keV
at 9.4 keV and 32.1 keV, respectively, and the corresponding values at an
electron drift field of 1 kV/cm are 10.8 and 7.9 photoelectrons/keV. The charge
yields at these energies are 28 and 31 electrons/keV, with the proportional
scintillation yield of 24 photoelectrons per one electron extracted into the
gas phase, and an electron lifetime of 200 s. The relative energy
resolution, , is 11.9 % and 5.8 % at 9.4 keV and 32.1 keV,
respectively using a linear combination of the scintillation and ionisation
signals. We conclude with measurements of the electron drift velocity at
various electric fields, and compare these to literature values.Comment: 11 pages, 14 figure
A review of Turboelectric Distributed Propulsion technologies for N+3 aircraft electrical systems
In order to minimise the environmental impact of increased air traffic substantial developments in civil aircraft electrical power systems must occur. NASA have set a target to reduce noise by 71dB, NOx emissions by 80% and fuel consumption by 60% for the N+3 generation of aircraft entering into service sometime between 2030 and 2035. Turboelectric Distributed Propulsion (TeDP) is expected to enable these goals to be met. NASA's N3-X concept aircraft comprises gas turbine engines which drive electrical generators and a DC network distributes power to an array of fans, which provide thrust. Interconnection and protection technologies will also be included to achieve desired levels of reliability of supply to the propulsion motors. This paper outlines the architecture of a generic TeDP system, explores its benefits, describes technical challenges that will need to be overcome and discusses the technical implications of implementing TeDP with regards to electrical system power density and safety
The upgraded low-background germanium counting facility Gator for high-sensitivity γ-ray spectrometry
We describe the upgrade and performance of the high-purity germanium counting facility Gator, which is dedicated to low-background γ-ray spectrometry. Gator is operated at the Gran Sasso Underground Laboratory in Italy, at an average depth of 3600 meter water equivalent, and employed for material screening and selection in ultra-low background, rare-event search experiments in astroparticle physics. The detector is equipped with a passive shield made of layers of copper, lead and polyethylene, and the sample cavity is purged with gaseous nitrogen maintained at positive pressure for radon suppression. After upgrading its enclosure, the background rate is (82.0 ± 0.7) counts/(kg·day) in the energy region 100 keV to 2700 keV, a 20% reduction compared to the previously reported rate. We show the stability of various operation parameters as a function of time. We also summarize the sample analysis procedure, and demonstrate Gator's sensitivity by examining one material sample, a candidate photosensor for the DARWIN experiment
222Rn emanation measurements for the XENON1T experiment
The selection of low-radioactive construction materials is of utmost importance for the success of low-energy rare event search experiments. Besides radioactive contaminants in the bulk, the emanation of radioactive radon atoms from material surfaces attains increasing relevance in the effort to further reduce the background of such experiments. In this work, we present the 222Rn emanation measurements performed for the XENON1T dark matter experiment. Together with the bulk impurity screening campaign, the results enabled us to select the radio-purest construction materials, targeting a 222Rn activity concentration of 10μBq/kg in 3.2t of xenon. The knowledge of the distribution of the 222Rn sources allowed us to selectively eliminate problematic components in the course of the experiment. The predictions from the emanation measurements were compared to data of the 222Rn activity concentration in XENON1T. The final 222Rn activity concentration of (4.5±0.1)μBq/kg in the target of XENON1T is the lowest ever achieved in a xenon dark matter experiment
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