Las tendencias del mercado de trabajo argentino frente a la política económica actual

En el presente trabajo se pretende analizar el impacto sobre el mercado de trabajo de la política económica implementada por el gobierno actual. A tal efecto, se evalúan los principales lineamientos del programa implementado hasta el momento, en particular, respecto a la política cambiaria, monetaria, fiscal, comercial y salarial. Las tendencias del mercado laboral se abordan a partir del análisis de variables como las tasas básicas del mercado de trabajo, el número de trabajadores asalariados registrados, el porcentaje de trabajadores asalariados no registrados y la evolución de los salarios reales, entre otras. Las fuentes de datos son secundarias e incluyen informes del Ministerio de Economía de la Nación, el Informe Monetario mensual del BCRA, los informes de prensa del INDEC correspondientes a nivel general de precios y nivel de actividad económica, la Encuesta Permanente de Hogares (EPH), la información del Sistema Integrado Previsional Argentino (SIPA) y las estadísticas trimestrales del Observatorio de Empleo y Dinámica Empresarial (OEDE-MTEySS). Los resultados obtenidos servirán como insumo para la descripción, el monitoreo y la evaluación de la efectividad y equidad de las políticas públicas vigentes.Fil: Gallo, Marcos Esteban. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Económicas y Sociales; Argentina.Fil: Actis Di Pasquale, Eugenio. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Económicas y Sociales; Argentina

Endoscopic third ventriculostomy in obstructive infantile hydrocephalus: Remarks about the so-called 'unsuccessful cases'

Background: The failure rate following endoscopic third ventriculostomy (ETV) in infants younger than 2 years of age has been reported to be higher compared with that of older children, and it is unclear whether ETV might be superior to shunt placement in this age group. Methods: Between 2003 and 2009, 23 patients younger than 6 months and without a previous history of shunting underwent ETV in our institution. A review of the literature was performed on the basis of publications presenting detailed data on age and etiology in every single patient. Results: In our own patients, total success rate was 39.1%. In the successful cases, median age was 140 days, whereas in the unsuccessful cases it was 47 days. The difference between the two groups was statistically significant (p = 0.01). The median ages of both successful and unsuccessful groups corresponded to data gained from an analysis of the literature (p = 0.04). At a median follow-up of 47 months, 2 out of 14 patients shunted after a failed ETV were revised for ventriculoperitoneal shunt malfunction. Conclusion: The impact of age on ETV failure in infants is clear and becomes crucial during the first 2 months of life, even when excluding etiological factors. Nevertheless, age cannot be considered the only parameter of the decision-making process, especially in these very young patients. Probably, the definition of 'unsuccessful ETV' should be reevaluated in light of decreased risk of shunt malfunction observed after a failed ETV. Copyright © 2011 S. Karger AG, Basel

Comparación de la NaProTecnología con las Técnicas de Reproducción Asistida

La progresiva medicalización de la infertilidad en las últimas tres décadas se corresponde con una creciente difusión de las Tecnologías de Reproducción Asistida (TRA), que han dejado en la sombra, casi por completo, otros enfoques más fisiológicos del tratamiento de la infertilidad, que tienen menos riesgos, son más económicos y, a la vez, igualmente efectivos. Este trabajo presenta un enfoque sistemático e integrado: la NaProTecnología (NPT), que tiene como objetivo optimizar las condiciones fisiológicas en cada ciclo menstrual, para permitir, de esta forma, una concepción por métodos naturales. Este método se postula como una mejor solución para el tratamiento de la infertilidad, desde un punto de vista que no sólo es más ético, sino que, además, es compatible con otros puntos de vistas religiosos, médicos, sociales, legales y ambientales. Los gobiernos deberían promover y financiar la NPT y, al mismo tiempo, las sociedades médicas y científicas deberían diseñar estudios para comparar de una manera justa la tasa de éxito, los costos y las complicaciones de la NPT en contraposición al método TRA tradicional

Hot topic: Bisphenol A in cow milk and dietary exposure at the farm level.

Chemical hazards may enter the milk chain during primary production. The study, for the first time, investigated the occurrence of bisphenol A (BPA) levels in cow milk samples collected on the farm following manual or mechanical milking and from the cooling tank. We applied a new monitoring model based on the identification of the hazards at each stage of the milk chain to identify potential pathways for contamination along the milk chain. We evaluated exposure to BPA through milk consumption based on detected contamination levels and the temporary tolerable daily intake established by the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA). Milk samples (n = 72) were analyzed using liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection. The mean BPA concentrations were 0.757 µg/L in manually milked samples, 0.580 µg/L in mechanically milked samples, and 0.797 µg/L in milk from the cooling tank. Bisphenol A occurred in the milk chain as a result of different stages of milking, and reached the highest levels at the end of the milk chain. Although the dietary intake of BPA was below the EFSA's temporary tolerable daily intake, exposure to BPA, even at low doses, through milk consumption represents a public health concern. Therefore, to ensure milk safety, new monitoring plans should be applied based on the identification of hazards at each stage of the milk chain

Microcystin Contamination in Sea Mussel Farms from the Italian Southern Adriatic Coast following Cyanobacterial Blooms in an Artificial Reservoir

An experimental study was performed in 2009-2010 to investigate the polluting effect of eutrophic inland waters communicating with the sea coast. The study was planned after a heavy and long-lasting Planktothrix rubescens bloom occurred in the Lake Occhito, an artificial reservoir. The waters of the reservoir flow into the southern Adriatic Sea, near several marine breeding of Mytilus galloprovincialis mussels, a typical seafood from the Apulia region (Southern Italy). A monitoring study of water and mussels from the sea coast of northern Apulia region and on the Occhito reservoir was carried out over twelve months, to get more information regarding the contamination by cyanobacteria and related cyanotoxins. Elisa immunoassay analyses estimated total microcystin amounts from 1.73 to 256 ng/g in mussels, up to 0.61 μg/L in sea water and up to 298.7 μg/L in lake water. Analyses of some samples of free-living marine clams as well as of marine and freshwater fish proved microcystin contamination. Selective confirmatory analyses by LC/ESI-Q-ToF-MS/MS on some mussel samples identified the microcystin desMe-MC-RR as the major toxin; this compound has been reported in the literature as a specific marker toxin of Planktothrix rubescens blooms. Our study describes for the first time the direct relationship between environmental pollution and food safety, caused by seafood contamination from freshwater toxic blooms

Microcystin Contamination in Sea Mussel Farms from the Italian Southern Adriatic Coast following Cyanobacterial Blooms in an Artificial Reservoir

An experimental study was performed in 2009-2010 to investigate the polluting effect of eutrophic inland waters communicating with the sea coast. The study was planned after a heavy and long-lastingPlanktothrix rubescensbloom occurred in the Lake Occhito, an artificial reservoir. The waters of the reservoir flow into the southern Adriatic Sea, near several marine breeding ofMytilus galloprovincialismussels, a typical seafood from the Apulia region (Southern Italy). A monitoring study of water and mussels from the sea coast of northern Apulia region and on the Occhito reservoir was carried out over twelve months, to get more information regarding the contamination by cyanobacteria and related cyanotoxins. Elisa immunoassay analyses estimated total microcystin amounts from 1.73 to 256 ng/g in mussels, up to 0.61 μg/L in sea water and up to 298.7 μg/L in lake water. Analyses of some samples of free-living marine clams as well as of marine and freshwater fish proved microcystin contamination. Selective confirmatory analyses by LC/ESI-Q-ToF-MS/MS on some mussel samples identified the microcystin desMe-MC-RR as the major toxin; this compound has been reported in the literature as a specific marker toxin ofPlanktothrix rubescensblooms. Our study describes for the first time the direct relationship between environmental pollution and food safety, caused by seafood contamination from freshwater toxic blooms

APPROCCIO AMBIENTALE, TIPOLOGICO E TECNOLOGICO NELLA LETTURA DEI CENTRI STORICI MINORI. UNO STUDIO IN CILENTO

Rural villages and centres are a fundamental source of traditional and local knowledge connected to social, environmental and economic needs over the centuries. In order to effectively preserve this cultural heritage, as well as prevent abandonment and degradation, it is crucial to undertake a knowledge project that involves comprehensive information gathering and site-specific understanding. The growing complexity of urban systems necessitates a holistic approach to knowledge management, which can mitigate risks while enhancing operational effectiveness. This study aims to systematise knowledge acquisition process in an organic manner for defining recovery, enhancement and protection strategies for small centres. A methodological framework is then proposed, which can serve as a reference for the definition of a specific action plan replicable in similar territorial contexts, accounting local peculiarities and specificities. The methodological approach is applied to the case study of Castelnuovo Cilento, Southern Italy, with many vernacular heritage examples to maintain, conserve and pass on to future generations

Generalized Formulation for Fatigue Assessment of Laser Stake-welded T-joints Varying Thicknesses and Loading Conditions

The present work considers the evolution of the crack tip plasticity ahead of the crack-like notches with varying the loading condition and the thickness of laser stake-welded T-joints. A general procedure is described for the fatigue assessment of the joints under different loading conditions and made of different thicknesses. The new method is based on the analyses of the first order plastic radius (according to Irwin) for pure mode I, and it is generalized to mixed mode (I+II) by using the Minimum Plastic Zone Radius (MPZR) criterion. The method is validated, in the end, with a case study and explains why the fatigue slope m varies for joints loaded under bending/tension and when the thickness is reduced. The results prove that the procedure gives an excellent estimation of the fatigue life

Experimental characterization at nanoscale of single crystal silicon fracture toughness

The work reviews some preliminary recent micromechanical tests aimed at the evaluation of the fracture toughness of silicon. Pre-cracked nano specimens and alternatively notched nano specimens combined with the theory of critical distances (TCD) are compared. The results show that the fracture toughness of silicon is approximately 1 MPam0.5, regardless of the procedure involved (i.e., pre-cracked samples or TCD). This value agrees with macro counterpart, i.e., 0.75-1.08 MPa෷m0.5, and therefore the KIC is independent of the size and crystal orientation. However, by employing the TCD, the accurate control of the final crack tip which is currently very challenging, is overcome by using notched specimens. Additionally, the results give information about the crack propagation at the nanoscale. It seems that although the specimen axis deviates from the (011), the crack propagates along the cleavage plane (011) and the process develops very fast by breaking covalent bond at the crack tip. A brief discussion on beyond the breakdown of continuum theory and challenges toward nanometer scale fracture mechanics concludes the pape

Sources of Cardiomyocytes for Stem Cell Therapy: An Update

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