15,718 research outputs found
Status of SEMI's solar-grade substrate standards
A proposal for a standard specifications listing covering requirements for silicon wafers used in solar cell manufacturing is outlined. The specific contents of the general requirements specifications include: ordering information; dimensions and permissible variations; material and manufacture; physical parameters; sampling; test methods; certification; and packaging and marking
Land use analysis of US urban areas using high-resolution imagery from Skylab
The author has identified the following significant results. The S-190B imagery from Skylab 3 permitted the detection of higher levels of land use detail than any satellite imagery previously evaluated using manual interpretation techniques. Resolution approaches that of 1:100,000 scale infrared aircraft photography, especially regarding urban areas. Nonurban areas are less distinct
Module degradation catalyzed by metal-encapsulation reactions
Four major properties are considered to be relevant in determining service life of a photovoltaic module: (1) Mechanical: creep resistance, modulus, tensile strength; (2) Optical: integrated transmission at 0.4 to 1.1 m wavelength; (3) Chemical: inertness with respect to metals and other components, retention of stabilizers, etc. and (4) Electrical; maintaining effective isolation of conductive components. These properties were measured after exposing polymer specimens to three types of accelerated stress: thermal, ultraviolet radiation and metal catalysts. These conditions give rise to a large number of complex interrelated free-radical reactions that result in the deterioration of polymeric materials
Relative resilience to noise of standard and sequential approaches to measurement-based quantum computation
A possible alternative to the standard model of measurement-based quantum
computation (MBQC) is offered by the sequential model of MBQC -- a particular
class of quantum computation via ancillae. Although these two models are
equivalent under ideal conditions, their relative resilience to noise in
practical conditions is not yet known. We analyze this relationship for various
noise models in the ancilla preparation and in the entangling-gate
implementation. The comparison of the two models is performed utilizing both
the gate infidelity and the diamond distance as figures of merit. Our results
show that in the majority of instances the sequential model outperforms the
standard one in regard to a universal set of operations for quantum
computation. Further investigation is made into the performance of sequential
MBQC in experimental scenarios, thus setting benchmarks for possible cavity-QED
implementations.Comment: 11 pages, 11 figures; close to published versio
Increased voltage photovoltaic cell
A photovoltaic cell, such as a solar cell, is provided which has a higher output voltage than prior cells. The improved cell includes a substrate of doped silicon, a first layer of silicon disposed on the substrate and having opposite doping, and a second layer of silicon carbide disposed on the first layer. The silicon carbide preferably has the same type of doping as the first layer
Low-pressure, chemical vapor deposition polysilicon
The low-pressure chemical vapor deposition (LPCVD) of polycrystalline silicon was investigted. The physical system was described, as was the controlling process parameters and requirements for producing films for use as an integral portion of the solar cell contact system
Flat-plate solar array project. Volume 5: Process development
The goal of the Process Development Area, as part of the Flat-Plate Solar Array (FSA) Project, was to develop and demonstrate solar cell fabrication and module assembly process technologies required to meet the cost, lifetime, production capacity, and performance goals of the FSA Project. R&D efforts expended by Government, Industry, and Universities in developing processes capable of meeting the projects goals during volume production conditions are summarized. The cost goals allocated for processing were demonstrated by small volume quantities that were extrapolated by cost analysis to large volume production. To provide proper focus and coverage of the process development effort, four separate technology sections are discussed: surface preparation, junction formation, metallization, and module assembly
Responses of Hyalella azteca and Ceridaphnia dubia to reservoir sediments following Chelated Copper Herbicide Applications
In response to nuisance growths of algae and vascular
plants, such as dioecious hydrilla (
Hydrilla verticillata
L.f.
Royle), copper formulations have been applied in lakes and
reservoirs for a number of years. Concerns have arisen regarding
the long-term consequences of copper applications
and those concerns have appropriately focused on sediment
residues. In this study, we evaluated the toxicity of sediments
from treated (for a decade) and untreated areas in Lake
Murray, South Carolina and estimated the capacity of those
sediments to bind additional copper. Two sentinel aquatic invertebrates,
Hyalella azteca
Saussure and
Ceriodaphnia dubia
Richard, were used to measure residual toxicity of treated
and untreated sediments from the field and after laboratory
amendments. (PDF has 5 pages.
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