You are the Speaker: Considerations of the Art and Science of an Effective Presentation

Effective communication is often stated as a key component to success in many aspects related to wildlife damage management. The objective of this presentation is to provide considerations of the components that can lead to an efficient and effective delivery of the desired messages. Clearly accepting the constraints of the presentation related to the audience and time available is the first step. Understanding that most effective presentations rarely have more than three “take-home messages” can be critical. Those messages must be clearly defined and refined.Observing and accounting for typical physical and environmental conditions that influence audio-visual technology should be considered. Finally, the role of the presenter in delivery of the information is critical. Factors ranging from the presenter’s appearance and recognition of the importance of explaining information are essential to an effective presentation

The structure of triphenylgermanium hydroxide

C18H~6GeO, Mr = 320.9, triclinic, Pi, a = 15.408 (6), b = 19.974 (7), c = 23.264 (11) A, a = 107.78 (4), 13 = 1.03.54 (4), y= 101.51 (3) °, V = 6338 (5)/~3, Z = 16, Dx = 1.34 g cm -3, a(Mo Ka) = 0.71073A, /z = 19.1cm-1, F(000)=2624, T= 293 K, R = 0.055 for 6846 observed reflections. The eight independent molecules in the asymmetric unit form two independent O--H...O hydrogen-bonded tetramers with the O atoms in a flattened tetrahedral arrangement [hydrogen-bond distances in the range 2.609 (11) to 2.657 (11)A]. The Ge atoms are tetrahedrally coordinated with mean Gc O 1.791 (7) and Gc C 1.931 (8) A

Intermolecular N-H...O=C hydrogen bonding in the crystal structure of 6-amino-1,3-dimethyluracil

The 6-amino- 1,3-dimethyluracil molecule [6-amino- 1,3- dimethyl-2,4(1H,3H)-pyrimidinedione], C6H9N302 (I), lies on a crystallographic mirror plane and participates in an extensive two-dimensional hydrogen-bonding network in the solid state. Each molecule is involved in N-- H...O=C hydrogen bonding involving the amino and carbonyl gr. oups, with O...N separations of 2.894 (3) and 2.904 (3) A

Twisted [(R3P)PdX] groups above dicarbaborane ligands: 4-dimethylsulfido-3-iodo-3-triphenylphosphine-closo-3-pallada-1,2-dicarbadodecaborane and 3-dimethylphenylphosphine-3-chloro-4-dimethylsulfido-closo-3-pallada-1,2-dicarbadodecaborane

The structural analyses of [3-(PPh₃)-3-I-4-(SMe₂)-closo-3,1,2-PdC₂B₉H₁₀] or [Pd(C₄H₁₆B₉S)I(C₁₈H₁₅P)], (I), and [3-(PPhMe₂)-3-Cl-4-(SMe₂)-closo-3,1,2-PdC₂B₉H₁₀] or [Pd(C₄H₁₆B₉S)Cl(C₈H₁₁P)], (II), show that in comparison with [3-(PR₃)2-closo-3,1,2-PdC₂B₉H₁₁] the presence of the 4-SMe₂ group causes the [PdX(PR₃)] unit (X = halogen) to twist about an axis passing through the Pd atom and the directly opposite B atom of the carbaborane ligand. The halogen atoms are located almost directly above a C atom in the C₂B₃ face, and the conformations of the [PdX(PR₃)] units above the C₂B₃ faces are not those predicted from molecular orbital calculations of the closo-3,1,2-PdC₂B₉ system. The fact that the variation from the predicted conformation is greater in the case of (I) than in (II) may be ascribed to the greater steric interactions induced by the I atom in (I) compared with the Cl atom in (II)

A Field Evaluation of the Efficacy of Milorganite as a Repellent for Non-Venomous Rat Snakes (Elaphe obsolete)

The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of Milorganite® as a repellent for rat snakes. Milorganite® is the bio solids by-product left from the activated sludge process from the Milwaukee Metropolitan Sewer District. During 3, 7-day release periods, 5-6 mature rat snakes were placed within a 0.1ha plastic fence enclosure intended to impede escape. The enclosure contained natural and artificial hides and water. Snakes were fitted with an externally attached radio transmitter with location of each snake determined 3 times per day by radio telemetry and visual confirmation. During the first 2, 7-day period, with no Milorganite® treatment, snakes were contained within the enclosure for a similar (p\u3e0.05) duration of 9.1h±1.8 and 9.4h±1.8 respectively, before escaping. Prior to release of snakes in period 3, a total of 907.2g of Milorganite® was applied by hand in a 20cm width strip along the interior perimeter of the enclosure fence. During period 3, 6 snakes were maintained within the enclosure longer (p\u3c 0.005) compared to periods 1 and 2, with an average containment time of 23.5h/day±0.5. Total snake-hours that animals were maintained in the enclosure was higher (p\u3c0.005) during the Milorganite® treatment (164.0h±1.4) compared to non-treated period 1 (64.0h±1.8) or period 2 (66.0h±9.0). All snakes remained within the enclosure throughout the 7-day treatment period. One snake died on day 6, posttreatment from unknown causes. Results of this study suggest Milorganite® was effective as a repellent for the rat snake under these experimental conditions

Effectiveness of a Perceived Solid Barrier as an Exclusion Fence to Prevent White-Tailed Deer Damage

We hypothesized that a visually solid barrier of cloth would provide an effective exclusion fence for free ranging white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus). Three plots consisting of 2, 10 m x 10 m squares were established in pastures. Data were collected daily for consumption of com provided (2.27 kg) and events recorded by infrared game monitors. Following construction of the burlap fence at 1.7 m height, corn consumption decreased (0.07 ± 0.01 kg/day, P \u3c .001). The number of Infrared monitor events recorded also decreased within the enclosures (2.13 ± 0.04 events/day, P \u3c .001) compared to controls (46.0 ± 2.2 events/day). During the second stage of the experiment, two of the three plots were reestablished 45 days later. Fence heights began at 65 cm and were raised 15 cm each 5 days, until reaching 1.7 m. At 1.7 m, corn consumption decreased by 30% (1.56 ± 0.23 kg/day, P \u3c .01). The number of infrared monitor-recorded events was also lower at fence heights \u3e65 cm (P \u3c .03). Results indicate that a visually solid barrier has potential to be an effective exclusion fence

Effectiveness of a White-Tailed Deer Exclusion Fence Based on Traction Limitations of the Hoof: The Slipper Fence

We hypothesized that an exclusion fence could be devised to capitalize on traction limitations of the hooves of white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus). Hexagonal plots (9.8 m wide) enclosed by a 2.4 m field fence with two openings (4.9 m) were established. Data were collected daily on consumption of corn provided (2.27 kg) and events recorded by infrared monitors (IR) for treatment and control sites. Five-day treatment periods consisted of test panels (4.9 m x 2.4 m) placed in plot openings at 0°, 5° and 10° slopes, and lubricant applied at the 10° slope. Deer consumed all corn provided at control sites. At the 10 ° slope, daily corn consumption decreased (1.50 kg ± 0 .26, p \u3c .0 l ), and IR events were lower (p \u3c .01) at treatment sites (23.6 ± 3.2) compared to controls (50.3 ± 9.6). With the addition of a lubricant, corn consumption decreased further (p \u3c .001) to 0. 17 kg ± 0.03, and IR recorded events were lower (p \u3c .001) at treatment sites (6.58 ± 0 .89) compared to controls (44.8 ± 3.1). Results of this study indicate that traction limitation of the hoof can be exploited

[8,8-(PPh3)2-9-(OEt)-8,7-RhSB9H9].0.95(CH2Cl2)

9-Ethoxy-8,8-di(triphenylphosphine)-9,10- tz H-8-rhoda-7-thia-nido-undecaborane( l O) dichloromethane solvate, C38Ha4B9OP2RhS.0.95(CH2C12), Mr = 891.7, triclinic, Pi, a = 10.271 (4), b = 11.401 (3), c = 19.426 (4)/~, a = 74.86 (2), 13 = 88.51 (3), y = 83.51 (3) °, V= 2182 (2)/~3, Z= 2, Dx = 1.357 g cm-3, graphite-monochromated Mo Ka radiation, a = 0.71073 A, /z = 6.5 cm-1, F(000) = 912, T= 294 K, R = 0.038 for 3984 observed reflections. The title compound contains an l 1-atom RhSB9 nido-structured cage with Rh and S atoms adjacent in the open RhSB3 face. An ethoxy group is bonded to the B atom adjacent to Rh in the open face with Rh--B9 2.119 (6) and B9--O 1.387 (9)A. The phosphine ligands are bonded to the Rh atom with one Rh--P bond [2.278 (2)A] trans to the S atom and the other [2.417 (1) A] located perpendicular to the open face of the cage

Comparison of a 2-Layer Electric Fence and a Single Strand Electric Fence in Mitigating Browsing of Impatiens by White-Tailed Deer

The objective of this study was to evaluate two electric fence configurations in minimizing damage to impatiens (Impatiens walleriana) by white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus). Each of 3 sites consisted of 3 plots (3mx3m), containing 16, evenly spaced impatiens planted on the perimeter of each plot. Plots within each site had a control, single strand and 2-layered electric fence. Control plots had no fencing. Single strand plots had one electrified wire attached to posts at 40 cm height, surrounding the plot. Two-layered electric fence had energized wire attached to posts at 25 cm and 60 cm height, on the perimeter of the plot. A second, single electrified wire was attached to posts at 25 cm height, 1 m to the exterior of the two strand fence. Eight plants within each plot was photographed weekly for 3-weeks. The percentage of total pixels containing plant material in each photo was used to determine changes in plant growth. The percentage of pixels containing impatiens plants was lower (

Conditioning and Habituation of White-Tailed Deer to Two Common Deterrents

It was hypothesized white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) could be readily conditioned to 2 commonly used deterrents, Deer-Away® Big Game Repellent (BGR) and blood meal (BM). Plots were randomly assigned BGR, BM and control. Free-ranging deer were initially conditioned to forage for corn at each 49m 2 bare earth plots delivered at 0500 hr and 1600 hr by programmable siing-type feeders. Hoof prints were counted within a 3.7m 2 sample area of each plot to quantify activity. Following preconditioning, data were collected during 5, 5-day periods. Application of BGR and BM to their respective bare earth plots occurred during periods 2, 4 and 5. Initial exposure decreased the number of hoof-prints for BGR (P = 0.011) and BM (P = 0.033) compared to the control. Subsequent exposure to BGR during periods 4 and 5 did not differ from the control (P \u3e 0.227). Prints counted following exposure to BM were similar to the control in period 4 (P = 0.267), but lower (P = 0.045) in period 5. Within each treatment group , prints counted were lower during period 2 compared to periods 1, 3, 4 and 5 for both BGR (P =0.001) and BM (P = 0.018). No differences (P \u3e 0.05) were found among periods 1,3,4 and 5 within each treatment. Results support the hypothesis that white-tailed deer can readily be conditioned to these two commonly used deterrents