Further Eastern Range Extension and Host Records for \u3ci\u3eLeptoglossus Occidentalis\u3c/i\u3e (Heteroptera: Coreidae): Well-Documented Dispersal of a Household Nuisance

Leptoglossus occidentalis is reported for the first time from Connecticut, New York, Ontario, Pennsylvania, and Wyoming, representing an eastern range extension from Indiana and Michigan. Tsuga canadensis and Pinus mugo are added to the long list of coniferous hosts of this coreid. Approximately 233 of 316 northeastern specimens were collected inside or on the outside of buildings from August-May, confirming previous observations that L. occidentalis uses buildings for overwintering. Isolated records from Con- necticut and eastern Pennsylvania suggest human-mediated dispersal may augment its natural dispersal. The pattern of distribution records on a map of North America identifies L. occidentalis as one of the best documented examples of a native insect expanding its range eastward in North America. Striking differences in the color pattern of the abdominal dorsum facilitates separation of the closely related L. occidentalis and L. corculus

Significant Range Extension of \u3ci\u3eLeptotes Marina\u3c/i\u3e (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae) Into New York State

(excerpt) The Marine Blue, Leptotes marina (Reakirt) (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae), is resident from the southwestern United States south through Mexico to Guatemala, with strays reported no further northeast than extreme northwestern Indiana and extreme south-central Ohio (Opler and Krizek 1984, Scott 1986, Shull 1987, Opler and Maliku 11992, Parshall 1993). Although L. marina may be easily overlooked in the field (Iftner, Shuey and Calhoun 1992), the paucity of published records, e.g., two in Illinois (Irwin and Downey 1973), one in Indiana (Shull 1987), and one in Ohio (Parshall 1993), may truly reflect the rarity of strays in the northeastern portion of its range

Spanwise loading distribution and wake velocity surveys of a semi-span wing

The spanwise distribution of bound circulation on a semi-span wing and the flow velocities in its wake were measured in a wind tunnel. Particular attention was given to documenting the flow velocities in and around the development tip vortex. A two-component laser velocimeter was used to make the velocity measurements. The spanwise distribution of bound circulation, three components of the time-averaged velocities throughout the near wake their standard deviations, and the integrated forces and moments on a metric tip as measured by an internal strain gage balance are presented without discussion

Penicillin kills chlamydia following the fusion of bacteria with Lysosomes and prevents genital inflammatory lesions in C. muridarum-infected mice

The obligate intracellular bacterium Chlamydia exists as two distinct forms. Elementary bodies (EBs) are infectious and extra-cellular, whereas reticulate bodies (RBs) replicate within a specialized intracellular compartment termed an ‘inclusion’. Alternative persistent intra-cellular forms can be induced in culture by diverse stimuli such as IFNγ or adenosine/EHNA. They do not grow or divide but revive upon withdrawal of the stimulus and are implicated in several widespread human diseases through ill-defined in vivo mechanisms. β-lactam antibiotics have also been claimed to induce persistence in vitro. The present report shows that upon penicillin G (pG) treatment, inclusions grow as fast as those in infected control cells. After removal of pG, Chlamydia do not revert to RBs. These effects are independent of host cell type, serovar, biovar and species of Chlamydia. Time-course experiments demonstrated that only RBs were susceptible to pG. pG-treated bacteria lost their control over host cell apoptotic pathways and no longer expressed pre-16S rRNA, in contrast to persistent bacteria induced with adenosine/EHNA. Confocal and live-video microscopy showed that bacteria within the inclusion fused with lysosomal compartments in pG-treated cells. That leads to recruitment of cathepsin D as early as 3 h post pG treatment, an event preceding bacterial death by several hours. These data demonstrate that pG treatment of cultured cells infected with Chlamydia results in the degradation of the bacteria. In addition we show that pG is significantly more efficient than doxycycline at preventing genital inflammatory lesions in C. muridarum-C57Bl/6 infected mice. These in vivo results support the physiological relevance of our findings and their potential therapeutic applications

Helicobacter pylori on oral mucosa - topographic distribution

Svrha rada bila je ispitati topografsku distribuciju bakterije Helicobacter pylori na oralnoj sluznici u upalnim, ulceroznim i keratotičnim lezijama, kandidijazi i sindromu pečenja usta i usporediti s nalazom na zdravoj sluznici. Primijenili smo nested PCR na citološkim uzorcima uzetim s 9 topografski različitih mjesta oralne sluznice i s različitih oralnih lezija. Od ukupno 426 ispitanika njih 66 (15,49 %) imalo je pozitivan nalaz H. pylori na oralnoj sluznici, bez predilekcije po spolu, ali s većom čestoćom nalaza u starijih ispitanika u usporedbi s mlađima te gotovo jednakom distribucijom na svim ispitanim topografskim stranama oralne sluznice. H. pylori otkriven je u svim ispitanim lezijama i sindromu pečenja usta osim u kandidijazi s većom prevalencijom na sluznici dorzuma jezika i u ulceroznim lezijama, premda bez statistički znatne razlike između lezija i zdrave sluznice (p = 0,059). H. pylori nije patogen za oralnu sluznicu jer kolonizira gotovo s istom čestoćom zdravu i oboljelu oralnu sluznicu. Također ne postoje preferirana mjesta na oralnoj sluznici za naseljavanje H. pylori.The purpose of this study was to examine the topographic distribution of Helicobacter pylori on oral mucosa in various oral lesions such as inflammation, oral ulceration, keratosis, candidiasis and burning mouth syndrome in comparison with healthy oral mucosa. We applied nested PCR on cytologic specimens collected from 9 topographic sites of the healthy oral mucosa and from various oral lesions. Of a total 426 patients 66 (15.49 %) were positive for H. pylori,with no predilection for sex but with higher frequency in older patients, and with almost equal distribution on all examined topographic sites of the oral mucosa. H. pylori was detected in all examined diseases, except in candidiasis, with prevalence on tongue mucosa and in ulcerous lesions although without significant differences between lesions and healthy oral mucosa (p = 0.059). H.pylori is non-pathogenic for oral mucosa since it colonizes almost with the same frequency healthy and diseased oral mucosa. There is no preferential oral site or lesion for colonization of H. pylori

Quantum and approximation algorithms for maximum witnesses of Boolean matrix products

The problem of finding maximum (or minimum) witnesses of the Boolean product of two Boolean matrices (MW for short) has a number of important applications, in particular the all-pairs lowest common ancestor (LCA) problem in directed acyclic graphs (dags). The best known upper time-bound on the MW problem for n\times n Boolean matrices of the form O(n^{2.575}) has not been substantially improved since 2006. In order to obtain faster algorithms for this problem, we study quantum algorithms for MW and approximation algorithms for MW (in the standard computational model). Some of our quantum algorithms are input or output sensitive. Our fastest quantum algorithm for the MW problem, and consequently for the related problems, runs in time \tilde{O}(n^{2+\lambda/2})=\tilde{O}(n^{2.434}), where \lambda satisfies the equation \omega(1, \lambda, 1) = 1 + 1.5 \, \lambda and \omega(1, \lambda, 1) is the exponent of the multiplication of an n \times n^{\lambda}$ matrix by an n^{\lambda} \times n matrix. Next, we consider a relaxed version of the MW problem (in the standard model) asking for reporting a witness of bounded rank (the maximum witness has rank 1) for each non-zero entry of the matrix product. First, by adapting the fastest known algorithm for maximum witnesses, we obtain an algorithm for the relaxed problem that reports for each non-zero entry of the product matrix a witness of rank at most \ell in time \tilde{O}((n/\ell)n^{\omega(1,\log_n \ell,1)}). Then, by reducing the relaxed problem to the so called k-witness problem, we provide an algorithm that reports for each non-zero entry C[i,j] of the product matrix C a witness of rank O(\lceil W_C(i,j)/k\rceil ), where W_C(i,j) is the number of witnesses for C[i,j], with high probability. The algorithm runs in \tilde{O}(n^{\omega}k^{0.4653} +n^2k) time, where \omega=\omega(1,1,1).Comment: 14 pages, 3 figure

A Tool for Visual Understanding of Source Code Dependencies

Many program comprehension tools use graphs to visualize and analyze source code. The main issue is that existing approaches create graphs overloaded with too much information. Graphs contain hundreds of nodes and even more edges that cross each other. Understanding these graphs and using them for a given program comprehension task is tedious, and in the worst case developers stop using the tools. In this paper we present DA4Java, a graphbased approach for visualizing and analyzing static dependencies between Java source code entities. The main contribution of DA4Java is a set of features to incrementally compose graphs and remove irrelevant nodes and edges from graphs. This leads to graphs that contain significantly fewer nodes and edges and need less effort to understand