Nonlinear resonance gas oscillations in a flat open-ended channel

The resonance gas oscillations in a flat channel are considered; the oscillations are excited by a piston at the inlet and the outlet section is connected with the ambient medium. The boundary condition at the open end is calculated analytically; the dependences of the gas oscillation amplitude on the frequency and geometric parameters of the open end at different values of the frequency parameter are obtained. © Allerton Press, Inc. 2008

Mineralogy of sandstones and localization of oil matter in productive horizons of high-viscosity oil in permian deposits of the volga-ural region (Russia)

© SGEM2017. All Rights Reserved. Bitumen deposits in Permian sediments in the Volga-Ural region are interesting as sources of unconventional oil. The reservoir rocks in the bituminous deposits are sand and sandstone of varying degrees of strength. For the prognosis of productive areas, it is important to study the peculiarities of the composition of bitumen-containing rocks and the mechanisms of localization of oil matter in them. These processes are closely related to the conditions of formation of the surrounding rocks. We examined samples of bituminous rocks of the Sheshminsky horizon of the Ufimian (Kungurian – ICS) stage. Petrographic studies were carried out using a polarization microscope and methods of scanning electron microscopy and computed tomography. Bitumen-saturated rocks are represented by sands and sandstones, mostly small- and medium-grained, polymictic, from dark gray to light gray with a greenish tinge, and in saturated intervals - from brown to black color. Sands and sandstones are often cross-bedded, with inclusions of pyrite crystals. Quartz is predominant in the mineral composition of sand and sandstone, albite, calcite, chlorite and pyrite are less common. In all sandstones there are also numerous fragments of igneous rocks and minerals. The clastic material is not sufficiently sorted, which indicates the short duration of its transfer. The angularity of the fragments contributes to the increase of the intergranular space and, as a consequence, to the high reservoir properties of the rocks. The investigated samples are characterized by a high degree of reservoir properties. The void-pore space in the rocks of oil- and bitumen-saturated sediments is represented by a system of communicated pores. There is a regularity in increasing the frequency of pores occurrence as a function of the decrease in their size. The oil substance in the studied samples is classified as heavy oil, which makes it difficult to extract. The presence of vanadium in bituminous matter is its characteristic feature. An important parameter characterizing the permeability of sedimentary rocks is the nature and composition of the cement. The presence of carbonate cement, which is forming at the stage of diagenesis and filling the pore space of rocks, negatively affects to reservoir and permeable properties. Clay cement (or its complete absence) increases bitumen saturation of sands. It has been established that the capacity for hydrocarbons is to a greater extent served by pore space, and to a lesser degree - by fractures in the rocks

Methods of integration and execution of the code of modern programming languages

© Mcdwell Journals, 2015. The study shows that in the modern projects for software design the need for a specialized programming tool for solution of tasks relating to a particular subject area arises frequently. However, there is no universal programming language that would be equally efficient when applied in any area. In this case, the most efficient method is application of the domain-specific languages dedicated to solution of a narrow range of tasks. At the same time, design of a specialized programming language is labor-consuming and expensive process that is not always possible within the frameworks of a particular project. The review of the methods of extension of the modern programming languages specified by the researches and used for classification of extensions by method of integration and execution of the extension codes is provided. The application of extensions in the real programming systems with examples of the source codes in the extended languages is considered, the advantages and disadvantages of each of the methods discussed are analyzed. The simplest and the most frequently used methods of integration of the extension code into the core code not requiring changes in the basic programming system are considered. In the presented review, the information about kinds of extensions in the modern programming languages, about the methods of integration and execution of the extension codes is systematized. This material provides the idea of the existing enhanced capabilities in known programming languages that allows orientating in the variety thereof and choosing the most appropriate tool for solution of the specific specialized tasks in the most convenient and efficient way with the use of programming language extensions. This information will also be useful by selection of the optimal methods for implementation of proprietary extensions if necessary. The methods described in this study have been used by development of the application for an automated information system for diesel engine testing

Energy-saving two-stroke blower based on piston acoustical resonator

An evaluation is given for the power consumption in a two-stroke gas pump based on a piston acoustical resonator and other devices for the blowing of gas. It is demonstrated by comparison that the energy efficiency of the two-stoke acoustical blower is higher than that of any blower operating in a stationary regime. © 2012 Springer Science+Business Media, Inc

A gas compressor based on a piston-type acoustic resonator

Major differences are pointed out between the design and working principles of a piston acoustic gas compressor and piston-based pumps and compressors. Working forms are given for the amplitude of the gas speed oscillation in the tube and the compressor throughput. The throughput is calculated for a tube of length 3.5 m with internal diameter 0.04 m and piston stroke length of 0.004 m. It exceeds that of a normal piston compressor with the same energy consumption by a factor of 8. © 2008 Springer Science+Business Media, Inc

Assessment of energy efficiency of gas supercharger based on acoustic resonator

The principle of operation of piston compressor and piston gas supercharger (delivery pump) operating at resonance frequencies has been studied. The energy efficiency parameter characterizing the energy saving ability of supercharging devices is proposed. Theoretical and experimental data, showing that the energy efficiency of piston acoustic supercharger (pump) is twice as high as the energy efficiency of piston compressor, are reported. © 2011 Springer Science+Business Media, Inc

Method for complex web applications design

© Research India Publications. This article deals with peculiarities of design that are taken into consideration during practical development of complex information systems, made on the basis of web technologies, in particular during development of web applications. This article covers the majority of development aspects from the position of different methodologies of web applications design and lists design peculiarities differences in comparison with programme means that do not use web technologies. Web application architecture design according to block and modular principle is suggested. The main programme block will be responsible for users’ authorization, session provision, request of enclosed modules, connection to database and similar service functions. Administrative module will allow managing sets of modules, features of web applications, change informational content. It is also suggested that services of web application are designed according to modular principle as the ones that have their own managing modules and modules of data processing (working modules). Peculiarity of the suggested methodology is that the modules are made in the form of separate files that execute their own specific function and work strictly with their own tables in database. It is suggested to use traditional approach when creating a web application. It is connected with presence of a big number of different relational database control systems supported by web servers. Initially on the stage of database design datalogical models are being developed. They are oriented on data storage and processing environment. The difference of the suggested graphic interface is that navigation in the web application is managed by the user who may execute previously permitted actions on random following his way in navigating the interface. The method described in the article is used in web applications development for automated informational systems of diesel engines trials

The influence of hydrothermal processes in the crystalline basement on the oil-bearing capacity of the sedimentary cover of the Volga-Ural region (Russia)

© SGEM2017. All Rights Reserved. The Volga-Ural oil and gas province is one of the oldest oil-producing regions in Russia. The central position in its borders is occupied by Tatarstan, in the territory of which is explored the largest oil deposits of the region. Oil deposits belong to the Devonian sediments, and in a lesser degree to the Carboniferous and Permian deposits. Despite the high degree of research of the region, the origin of oil deposits still one of the most controversial issues. Most researchers consider that the source of oil is the organic-rich strata of the Devonian - domanikites, which mostly fill depressed areas on the surface of the crystalline basement. Their largest capacities are confined to the zone of the Melekess depression, the northern part of which is the most elevated and located on the territory of Tatarstan. However, the thickness of sedimentary rocks here mostly does not exceed 2 km. Based on the geothermal gradient, this depth is not enough to start the processes of oil formation. According to the data from field researches, conducted on oil wells, the maximum temperature difference at the absolute level of -1000 meters in the Volga region reaches 30°C. Temperatures range from 14.25°C to 48.20°C. The structure of the thermal field is closely related to the tectonic structure of the territory and is characterized by relatively low temperatures in the area of the North Tatar arch and their increase in the areas located within the South Tatar arch and the adjacent sections of the Melekess depression. Studies of the catagenetic maturity of organic matter in domanikites and the upper carbonaceous coal, carried out on the reflectivity of vitrinite, have showed that their organic matter is characterized by a greater degree of conversion than can be achieved at modern temperatures. Thus, it can be assumed that the formation of oil deposits in the region occurred as a result of the effect of heat fluxes of deep origin. In favor of this point of view says the result of a study of the crystalline basement of the Volga-Ural region. The crystalline basement on the Volga-Ural segment of the earth's crust is composed by high-metamorphosed rocks of the Archaean-Proterozoic age (up to 2-2.6 billion years) mainly mafic and high alumina composition. Based on the results of deep drilling, there are fixed in some parts of the crystalline basement traces of later hydrothermal activity. Such areas are noted within the Melekess depression, where in sedimentary cover located the thick strata of the domanikites. In the crystalline basement there are rocks broken by a rare net of open cracks with burgundy-red crust of iron oxides on the surface. Some of the cracks are filled with barite, which is a typical hydrothermal mineral. These results may be interesting in the connection with the oil content of the overlying sedimentary strata. Signs of hydrothermal activity may indicate increased heat flux, contributed the formation of oil in organic-rich (domanikoid) sediments and its migration to higher horizons (Carboniferous and Permian)

Automated test system of diesel engines based on fuzzy neural network

© Medwell Journals, 2014. This study deals with the method for controlling a test stand of diesel engines based on fuzzy neural network. Structure and training algorithm have been proposed for a fuzzy neural network to control a diesel engine during testing. A knowledge base structure has been proposed. Fuzzy rules have been described to control a diesel engine. Techniques and algorithms have been realized in the form of a computer program. The effectiveness of the proposed automated diesel engine test system has been analyzed

ПРЕИМУЩЕСТВА ЭЛЕКТРОПНЕВМАТИЧЕСКОГО ТОРМОЗА В ГРУЗОВЫХ ПОЕЗДАХ

A scheme of electro-pneumatic brakes for freight trains is offered, its operating principles, advantages and disadvantages of the design are described. The comment that is given by the authors reveals the mechanisms of inhibitory processes (braking, overlapping, release action) and management features, existing functional dependencies in the current complex of devices. Regulatory «duties› are highlighted, which are implemented with a digital decoder installed on each car, electro-pneumatic add-on and main line for information transmission by means of digital signals.Предложена схема электропневматических тормозов для грузовых поездов, описаны принцип работы, преимущества и недостатки конструкции. Комментарий, который дают авторы, раскрывает механизмы тормозных процессов (торможение, перекрыша, отпуск) и особенности управления ими, существующие функциональные зависимости в действующем комплексе устройств. Выделены регулирующие «обязанности», реализуемые с участием цифрового декодера, установленного на каждом вагоне, электропневматической приставки и магистрали передачи информации посредством цифровых сигналов