MINIMIZATION OF SOIL POLLUTION IN THE URBAN ENVIRONMENT

The development of all spheres of human activity is associated with an increase in anthropogenic pressure on environment. Metropolitan areas and large cities are experiencing the greatest pressure. Both the development of new areas adjacent to built-up areas, as well as operating existing industrial and residential complexes suffer the influences. The article presents the results of a soil study conducted in the city of Novokuibyshevsk to determine the prospects for future growth of the city. Soil samples were taken throughout the city. When choosing the place of sampling, the locations of highways, industrial zones and residential buildings were taken into account. Soil testing was carried out to obtain data on the concentrations of heavy metals (lead, zinc, copper, cadmium, nickel, manganese, etc.), as well as sulfates and nitrates. The results were analyzed and contrasted with the standards and results of previous years.Based on the study of the current state of the soil, the authors assessed the degree of pollution of urban soils in an industrial city. In their study they proposed and developed measures to improve the condition of the soil, namely, analyzed the efficiency of using phytoremediation to reduce soil contamination in residential areas of the city.

USE OF DRILLING MUDS

Drilling of wells is accompanied by pollution of all environmental components with drilling and process waste. With drilling operations carried out, terrain and soil mass disturbance occur first. Waste generated during the drilling process includes drilling muds, return drilling muds, drilling wastewater. The contaminating ability of drilling waste is determined by the use of chemical reagents and components involved in the preparation and processing of drilling muds. The use of additives and reagents is necessary to make sure the solution displays certain properties that ensure effective well drilling. The resulting waste is usually disposed of at landfills or is buried at the site of formation in mud pits, ensuring minimal environmental impact. The use of drill muds in other spheres is hindered by the complex composition of oily waste.The composition of liquid and solid fractions of drilling muds from several deposits were studied in laboratory setting. Waste samples were analyzed for moisture content, organic substances, oil products and other substances. According to the results of the research, measures for improving the properties of drilling muds were developed and proposed. For this purpose, an introduction of high sorption substances to the waste is proposed.The most effective should be the use of a sorbent capable of retaining organic matters and heavy metals. The resulting homogeneous soil-like mixture can be used for land reclamation in the city areas and other settlements, when performing planning works at the initial and final stages of construction, as well as at landscaping residential areas.