Factors Affecting the Structural Features of Dairy Farming Organizations in Yalova: The Habits of Feeding and Nutrition

This research has been conducted in order to determine the habits of feed and nutrition in dairy farming organizations, and how the education level of farmers and the number of animals affected these habits. The data that obtained from 324 randomly chosen dairy farms around the city by the means of the survey comprised the material of research. Crosstabb analysis was applied to the obtained data using SPSS 20.0 package program. The most commonly used roughage combination in organizations was knotgrass and straw. It has been founded that the rate of using the this combination was 50% in primary education level, 27.2% in secondary education level and 35.1% in high school and higher education level. The ratio of breeders who have less animals using this combination was 50%. The rate declined to 25.5% with the increase in the number of animals. The number of animals affected the roughage combination considerably (P<0.01).Concentrate usage changed according to the education level. The ratio of using 4-6 kg concentrate was 48.5% in organizations with primary education level. This declined to 43.8% in secondary education level, and 38.9% in high school and higher education levels. So, there was a reverse relation in 7-9 kg feed usage: as education level increases the rate of using concentrate increases. The feed crop production in organizations has been affected by the number of animals considerably. While the rate of feed crop production was 44.9% in organizations which have less than five animals, this rate increased up to 74.5% with the rise in the number of animals. The education level of breeders (P<0.05) and the number of animals (P<0.01) affected the use of silage in organizations substantially

Factors Affecting the Structural Features of Dairy Farming Organizations in Yalova: Determining the Breeding Activities

This research has been performed to determine dairy farms’ breeders’ social conditions, presence of animals, care, milk production, happiness with animal farming, problems and situation of being organized in Yalova. The data that obtained from 324 randomly chosen dairy farms around the city by the means of the survey comprised the material of research. The obtained data has been analyzed in SPSS package program by taking animal numbers, age and educational background of breeders as factors affecting the structural condition of farm. In the analysis of race distribution it was determined that breeders having primary education preferred to use crossbred animals, whereas breeders having secondary, high school and higher education tended to use culture breeds. For determining the heat in animals, breeders who have primary school education take bellowing and mounting of animals into consideration. All breeders at any education level considered the 15-18 months of age as age at fist insemination for heifers. As the age of breeders increased, contrary to education level, the ratio for 15-18 month age criterion decreased. In the farms producing less than 10 kg milk the ratio of farmers having primary school education is 68.9%. This ratio is 8.5% for high school and higher graduates. 61.2% of breeders who have middle school education level obtain 11-20 kg milk yield in their farms. While 48.6% of breeders who have less than 5 animals obtain 10 kg milk yield, as the number of animals rises, this rate declined to 23.1%. In the farms having less than 5 animals the proportion of obtaining 10-21 kg milk yield is 48.4%. As the animals numbers increased this proportion increased up to 63.5%

Milk Yield Traits of Brown Cows Reared at Malya State Farm and Effects of Some Environmental Factors on These Traits

WOS: 000276347800029This study was done to investigate some environmental factors (calving year, calving season and calving age) affecting milk yield traits and milk yield traits of Brown cows raised at the Malya state farm. The least square means of lactation duration, lactation milk yield, 305-day milk yield and dry period were estimated as 312.02 +/- 0.98 days, 5811.28 +/- 26.31kg, 5525.92 +/- 22.35 kg and 76.82 +/- 0.63 days, respectively. Effects of all environmental factors on lactation milk yield (actual milk yield) and 305-day milk yield were found statistically significant (P<0.001). Similarly, effects of calving season, calving year and calving age on lactation duration were found statistically significant (P<0.001-P<0.05). Effects of calving year, and calving age on dry period were statistically significant (P<0.001). According to result in this study, it can be said that Brown cattle are raised successfully at Malya state farm in region under steppe climate conditions of Turkish and yield levels of Brown cows were very good

A Research on Reproductive Traits of Holstein Cattle Reared at Tahirova State Farm in Balikesir Province in Turkey

WOS: 000269800000055The aim of this study was to investigate environmental factors affecting reproductive traits of Holstein cows and heifers raised at the Tahirova state farm in province Balikesir in Turkey. Reproductive traits were investigated by using 1074 records between 2000 and 2008. The least square means of age of first breeding, age of first calving, service period, calving interval and gestation length were 523.90 +/- 6.71, 815.38 +/- 7.18, 387.69 +/- 1.60, 122.30 +/- 1.67 and 277.45 +/- 0.27 days, respectively. Effects of calving year, calving age, calving season on age of first breeding and age of first calving were statistically significant (p0.05), the effects of calving age and calving season on service period were significant (p<0.01-0.05). Effects of sex of calf, calving age, calving year and calving season on gestation length were statistically significant (p<0.01-0.05). According to these results, it can be concluded that reproductive performance of Holstein cattle reared at this farm in Balikesir province were raised more successful than state farms in other regions of Turkey. To obtain better reproductive performance, service period should be decreased, heifers should be bred at 15 months of age, oestrus detection and artificial insemination should be done at the right time and convenient manner, GnRH injections was done for cows with high milk yield

Evaluation of Temperature-Humidity Index Values on Dairy Cattle Farming: The Case of Siirt Province

Turkey is a country with mild climate where four seasons coexist due to its geographical location. Daily average temperature values in summer months (June, July, August, September) can exceed 25 °C. All living organisms can be exposed to heat stress, especially in the Mediterranean and Aegean regions where the humidity and in Southeastern Anatolian Regions where temperature is very high. When assessed for animal production, heat stress can cause significant yield losses in dairy cattle grown in these regions. While some criteria are used to determine and evaluate heat stress, the most commonly used parameter is temperature-humidity index (THI) value. Data obtained from the Siirt meteorology department and from the meteorological stations in the districts were used to determine the temperature humidity index values for Siirt provinces and districts. According to this, temperature humidity index values of Siirt Merkez, Pervari, Baykan, Kurtalan, Şirvan and Eruh districts were 72.43, 67.64, 71.80, 72.34, 71.67 and 68.87, respectively. In the study, the temperature-humidity index values of Siirt province and its districts exceeded 65 or 72 threshold values in June, July, August, and September. However, in terms of heat stress, it is understood that Pervari and Eruh districts are statistically (p<0.05) more suitable for dairy cattle farming than other districts. As a result, in Siirt conditions, adequate cooling systems must be used at times when heat stress occurs for a sustainable dairy cattle farming

Current Status of Shelters in Sheep and Goat Farms in Siirt Province

In this study, current status of shelters in sheep and goat farms in Siirt province has been investigated. The number of enterprises to be surveyed was determined by simple random sampling method. The surveys prepared for the purpose of the research were filled out by the researchers through personal interviews.. The 95.8% of the shelters examined were closed type, 4.2% were open type; 56.8% were adjacent to the residence and 43.2% were constructed independently from the residence. In addition, 90.8% of the shelters are on soil base, 45.4% has soil roof, 61.8% has stonewall and 86% of the walls were not plastered. Irrigation type average in central province and districts were 48.3% in the trough way, 45.4% was in metal pans and irrigation frequency was determined as 3 times a day in 32.4% of the surveys. It was determined that the shelters were built without technical knowledge and service and built with the knowledge/experience gained from the past. It has come to the conclusion that the breeders must be informed in terms of technical knowledge in order to overcome the identified deficiencies

Estimates of Genetic Trends for 305-Days Milk Yield in Holstein Friesian Cattle

KAYGISIZ, ALI/0000-0002-5302-2735WOS: 000271623400025The purpose of this study was to estimate the trends components of 305-days milk yield in Holstein Friesian Cattle Holstein cows raised at the Ceylanpinar state farm in Turkey between 1986 and 2007 years. The phenotypic, genetic and environmental trends for 305-days milk yield were found to be 106.91, 13.42 and 93.49 kg year(-1), respectively. Despite, there was a correct decision in selection environmental factors affected yield more. In this respect, continuing the improving environmental factors which is composed of maintenance, feeding, milking practices and barn is recommended

Milk Yield Traits of Holstein Cattle Reared at Tahirova State Farm in Balikesir Province in Turkey

KAYGISIZ, ALI/0000-0002-5302-2735WOS: 000269800000052In this study, effects of environmental factors on milk yield and milk yield characteristics of Holstein cows raised at Tahirova state farm in Balikesir province of Turkey have been investigated. A total of 1302 milk records obtained between 2000 and 2007 were used in this study. As milk yield traits, lactation duration, lactation milk yield, 305 days milk yield and dry period were investigated. Effect of environmental factors on milk yield traits was analyzed by using the least square means method. The least square means for the lactation duration, lactation milk yield, 305 days milk and dry period yield were 331.74 +/- 1.55 days, 7574.39 +/- 55.22 kg, 6810.14 +/- 56.38 kg and 79.47 +/- 0.90 days, respectively. The effects of calving year on lactation duration, lactation milk yield, 305 days milk yield and dry period were much significant (p<0.01). Effect of calving season on lactation duration was significant (p<0.05). Effect calving age on lactation duration and lactation milk yield was significant (p<0.05, p<0.01). The effects parity on lactation duration, lactation milk yield, 305 days milk yield and dry period were significant (p<0.01-0.05). It can be said that Holstein cattle have quite well milk yield and are raised successfully on Tahirova state farm and under conditions of west Anatolia in Turkey. To obtain much higher milk yield in this farm, true selection for milk yield should be done and better feeding, care and management should be done