243 research outputs found
The Aguablanca Cu-Ni(PGE) intraplutonic ore deposit (Extremadura, Spain). Isotope (Sr, Nd, S) consfraints on the source and evolution of magmas and sulfides
The Aguablanca Cu-Ni(PGE) ore is a case of an intraplutonic ore deposito It is hosted by mafic and ultramafic cumulates of the Aguablanca Stock, which is part of the larger calcalkaline Santa Olalla Plutonic Complex of 359±18Ma age (Rb-Sr whole rock determination). Primary mineralization consists of pyrrothite, pentlandite and chalcopyrite and resulted from the crystallization of an inmiscible sulfiderich liquid. Several stages of hydrothermal alteration are superimposed. Isotope work on the host igneous rocks (Sr, Nd) and the ore (S), suggests that contamination with a crustalsource took place at some depth before final emplacement of the plutons (ε Nd360= -5.8 to -7.2; Sr(360) = 0.7082 to 0.7103; (δ14S(sulfides) near + 7.4‰). Assimilation - fractional crystallization (AFC) processes are invoked to explain de chemical variability of magmas
300 Million years of episodic hydrothermal activity: stable isotope evidence from hydrothermal rocks of the Eastern Iberian Central System
The Eastern Iberian Central System has
abundant ore showings hosted by a wide variety of hydrothermal
rocks; they include Sn-W, Fe and Zn-(W)
calcic and magnesian skarns, shear zone- and episyenitehosted
Cu-Zn-Sn-W orebodies, Cu-W-Sn greisens and
W-(Sn), base metal and fluorite-barite veins. Systematic
dating and fluid inclusion studies show that they can be
grouped into several hydrothermal episodes related with
the waning Variscan orogeny. The first event was at
about 295 Ma followed by younger pulses associated
with Early Alpine rifting and extension and dated near
277, 150 and 100 to 20 Ma, respectively (events n IV).
The δ18O-δD and δ34S studies of hydrothermal rocks
have elucidated the hydrological evolution of these systems.
The event 1 fluids are of mixed origin. They are
metamorphic fluids (H20-COrCH4-NaCl; δ18SO = 4.7
to 9.3‰; δD ab.-34‰) related to W-(Sn) veins and
modified meteoric waters in the deep magnesian Sn-W
skarns (H20-NaCl, 4.5 6.4 wt% NaCl eq.; δI8O = 7.3
7.8‰; δD = -77 to -74‰) and epizonal shallow calcic
Zn-(W) and Fe skarns (H20-NaCl, < 8 wt% NaCl eq.;
δ18O = -0.4 to 3.4‰; δD = -75 to -58‰). They were
probably formed by local hydrothermal cells that were
spatially and temporally related to the youngest. Variscan
granites, the metals precipitating by fluid unmixing
and fluid-rock reactions. The minor influence of magmatic
fluids confirms that the intrusion of these granites
was essentially water-undersaturated, as most of the
hydrothermal fluids were external to the igneous rocks.
The fluids involved in the younger hydrothermal systems
(events n nI) are very similar. The waters involved in
the formation of episyenites, chlorite-rich greisens,
retrograde skarns and phyllic and chlorite-rich alterations
in the shear zones show no major chemical or
isotopic differences. Interaction of the hydrothermal
fluids with the host rocks was the main mechanism of
ore formation. The composition (H20-NaCl fluids with
original salinities below 6.2 wt% NaCl eq.) and the δ18O
(-4.6 to 6.3‰) and δD (-51 to -40‰) values are consistent
with a meteoric origin, with a δ18O-shift caused
by the interaction with the, mostly igneous, host rocks.
These fluids circulated within regional-scale convective
cells and were then channelled along major crustal discontinuities.
In these shear zones the more easily altered
minerals such as feldspars, actinolite and chlorite had
their δ18O signatures overprinted by low temperature
younger events while the quartz inherited the original
signature. In the shallower portions of the hydrothermal
systems, basement-cover fluorite-barite-base metal veins
formed by mixing of these deep fluids with downwards
percolating brines. These brines are also interpreted as
of meteoric origin (δ18O< ≈ -4‰; δD = -65 to -36‰)
that leached the solutes (salinity >14 wt% NaCl eq.)
from evaporites hosted in the post -Variscan sequence.
The δD values are very similar to most of those recorded
by Kelly and Rye in Panasqueira and confirm that the
Upper Paleozoic meteoric waters in central Iberia had
very negative δD values (≤-52‰) whereas those of Early
Mesozoic age ranged between -65 and -36‰
Granitoides peraluminosos con andalucita y cordierita magmáticas en la sierra de Velasco: implicancias para el orógeno famatiniano.
La combinación de estudios petrológicos, geoquímicos y de química mineral en el sector noreste de la sierra de
Velasco, a la latitud de la localidad de Santa Vera Cruz, revelan la presencia de una unidad ígnea peraluminosa con andalucita
(Si = 3,85, Al = 8,14 y Fe3+ = 0,04) y cordierita (K+Na = 0,33 y XFe = 0,40) magmáticas, la cual es denominada unidad
Santa Cruz. La aluminosisad del magma (ISA = 1,30 - 1,42), evidenciada por la presencia de minerales aluminosos como cordierita,
andalucita y muscovita y la geoquímica de roca total indican que esta unidad fue derivada de fusión parcial de una secuencia
metasedimentaria (esencialmente pelítica) en la corteza superior, que se emplazó en un rango de presión - temperatura
de 2 a 2,4 kbar y 670 a 720 ºC. Notablemente, las características geoquímicas de la unidad Santa Cruz sugieren una roca
fuente diferente a la establecida para otras unidades peraluminosas del orógeno famatiniano.
[ABSTRACT]
Peraluminous granitoids with magmatic andalusite and cordierite in the Sierra de Velasco: Implications to
the Famatinian Orogen. The combination of petrological, geochemical and mineral/chemical data for the NE sector of the
Sierra de Velasco, at the latitud of the Santa Vera Cruz town, reveal the presence of peraluminous igneous unit with magmatic
andalusite and cordierite, which has been named Santa Cruz unit. The aluminous of magma (ASI = 1.30 - 1.42), evident
by the presence of aluminous minerals such as cordierite, andalusite and muscovite and the whole-rock geochemical, principally
indicate that this unit was derived of the partial melting of a metasedimentary secuency (mainly pelitic) in the upper
crustal, which was emplaced a pression - temperature range of 2 to 2.4 kb and 670 to 720 ºC. Remarkably, the geochemical
characteristics of Santa Cruz unit suggest a different source rock than other peraluminous units founded in the Famatinian
Orogen
The A-Type event in the eastern Sierras Pampeanas, La Rioja and Catamarca Provinces (Argentina): geochronological and isotopic considerations
Depto. de Mineralogía y PetrologíaFac. de Ciencias GeológicasTRUEsubmitte
Edad y origen de la fluorita del yacimiento de la Nueva (Cabalango, Córdoba, Argentina) en base a geoquímica de isótopos radiogénicos (Nd y Sr)
The fluorite mineralization from the La Nueva Mine, has a Sm-Nd age of 130 ± 19 Ma, and thus must
be related to the Lower Cretaceous late-Gondwanic extensional and magmatic event that affected the
Sierras Pampeanas Basement of Argentina. Hydrothermal fluids involved in the formation of fluorite
were probably derived by mixing of two fluids, an ascending high 87Sr/86Sr one, probably equilibrated
with basement metamorphics, as suggested by the very negative ENd(130) values, and a second, "descending",
with a low 87Sr/86Sr value
A-Type granitoids in the eastern Sierras Pampeanas (Argentina): evidence for early Carboniferous aborted rifting?
Depto. de Mineralogía y PetrologíaFac. de Ciencias GeológicasTRUEsubmitte
K-bentonites in the Argentine Precordillera contemporaneous with rhyolite volcanism in the Famatinian Arc
New U–Pb radiometric dates for K-bentonite horizons within the Lower Cambrian to Middle
Ordovician platform carbonates from the Precordillera terrane of NWArgentina provide further constraints on
models for the allochthonous or parautochthonous accretion of this terrane. Two K-bentonite layers from the
Talacasto section yield indistinguishable sensitive high-resolution ion microprobe (SHRIMP) U–Pb zircon
dates of 469.5 3.2 Ma and 470.1 3.3 Ma respectively. These are within uncertainty of the U–Pb SHRIMP
zircon date of 468.3 3.4 Ma for a porphyritic rhyolite from the Famatinian magmatic arc, Sierra de las
Planchadas, near Rio Chaschuil. Geochemical and isotope data also demonstrate the similarity of the Kbentonite
and Chaschuil rhyolite parent magmas. Thus, it is highly probable that the Famatinian arc volcanoes
provided the ash for the K-bentonite horizons, suggesting proximity to the Precordillera terrane during the
deposition of the Lower Cambrian to Middle Ordovician platform carbonates. This implication supports a
mid-Ordovician collision model, but could also be compatible with a parautochthonous model for docking of
the Precordillera terrane, by movement along the Pacific margin of Gondwana, rather than across the Iapetus
Ocean
Magmatically folded and faulted schlieren zones formed by magma avalanching in the Sonora Pass Intrusive Suite, Sierra Nevada, California
The southwestern margin of the Late Cretaceous Sonora Pass Intrusive Suite, northern Sierra Nevada, California (USA), preserves a densely populated zone of magmatic structures that record dynamic magmatic layer formation and deformation (faulting and folding) within a solidifying upper-crustal magma mush. This zone consists largely of coupled melanocratic (or schlieren) and leucocratic bands hosted within the 95.6 ± 1.5 Ma Kinney Lakes granodiorite (Leopold, 2016), with orientations approximately parallel to the intrusive margin and with inward younging directions. Schlieren consist of a high modal abundance of medium-grained ferromagnesian minerals (hornblende + biotite), zircon, sphene, apatite, opaque minerals, and minor plagioclase and interstitial quartz. Leucocratic bands are dominated by coarse-grained feldspar + quartz with minor ferromagnesian and accessory minerals. Whole-rock geochemical and Sr and Nd isotopic data indicate that the schlieren are derived from the Kinney Lakes granodiorite by effective mechanical separation of mafic minerals and accessory phases.
We interpret that the schlieren zone at the margin of the Kinney Lakes granodiorite formed by large-scale collapse of crystal mush by “magma avalanching,” facilitated by gravity, local convection, and possibly by host-rock stoping at the margin. This process eroded a significant portion of the solidifying margin of the chamber and resulted in the formation of magmatically deformed layered structures, which experienced further mingling, re-intrusion, magmatic erosion, and recycling processes. We envisage that magma avalanching of magma mushes in plutons can be achieved by any unstable process (e.g., tectonic, fluid-assisted, stoping, or gravity-driven) in large, long-lived magma-mush chambers
Palaeostress and geotectonic interpretation of the Alpine Cycle onset in the Sierra del Guadarrama (eastern Iberian Central System), based on evidence from episyenites
Several episodes of hydrothermal activity related to periods of fracturing and/or reactivation of previous structures took
place from 300 to - at least - 100 Ma, in the Sierra del Guadarrama, which is part of the crystalline axis of the Iberian
Hercynian Fold Belt (Central-Iberian Zone). One of these episodes led to the formation of episyenites, which are
de-quartzified and alkalinized granites. Episyenite formation took place on a regional scale and in a short period (approx. at
277 Ma). The episyenites were formed by the action of fluids at temperatures between 350°C and 650°C, at depths of about
6.5 km, and in microfractured dilatancy zones developed under a regional extensional regime. These zones are crosscut by
normal faults, developed during the progressive deformation process accompanying the formation of the episyenites.
The calculated regional palaeostress tensor has ~r I close to vertical and σ3 between NI0-20E and an average value of the
stress ratio (Ф) of 0.19 [Ф = (σ2 - σ3)/(σ1 - σ3)]. Because σ1 is close to vertical the stress tensor is compatible with an
extensional deformation field. The analysis also shows that most of the faults that slip under this stress field have an average
coefficient of friction of 0.8.
This extensional regime was probably accompanied by a regional thermal anomaly, as suggested by the high temperature
of the fluids involved, which are amagmatic. This thermo-tectonic episode is interpreted as representative of the generalized
extensional regime corresponding to the onset of the Alpine Cycle. The episode was preceded by a wrench-faulting event,
equivalent to the Late Variscan event of Arthaud and Matte (1977), for which an age of - at least - 300-290 Ma is
indicated by recent radiometric data. In its turn, this event was preceded by the regional extensional gravitative collapse of
the Hercynian orogen. A correlation between evidence from the cover (stratigraphy and volcanism) and evidence from the
basement (hydrothermal alterations, dyke injection episodes and granitic magmatism) is attempted on the basis of new
available radiometric data
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